The shift of focus from landscape theorists and designers from an ideal, heavenly garden to earthly gardens and landscapes raised philosophic and theological questions on the appropriate attitude of humans toward nature. Humanist thinking about the relationship between nature and culture was exercised in the landscape itself, particularly in the garden. And in the designing of gardens and the practice of gardening ideals and ideas could be tested and applied. The introduction of the concept of ‘third nature’ in 1541 enabled a layered and plural perspective on gardens and human interaction with the earth, where both wild and ordered nature had a place.