https://studiegids.vu.nl/en/courses/2025-2026/L_GABAGES222By preparing and attending classes students will get acquainted with the different types of evidence used by ancient historians, and in particular with the possibilities and limitations of these types of evidence for research into political history and into interstate relations in Antiquity. In addition, students will acquire a basic knowledge of some of the more important theories on international relations.After an introductory lecture, we will study and discuss evidence relating to eleven subjects (one subject per class). We will cover topics from the history of the Ancient Near East, Greek history (including the history of the Hellenistic world), and Roman history (including Late Antiquity). About each subject students will read c. 40 pages of sources in translation, and answer questions in writing. Class discussions will be based on these questions and other issues that the readings may raise.SeminarsAttending at least ten out of the twelve classes (compulsory, non-graded)Written sssignments (per class)All eleven assignments will be checked for completeness. Two of these will be selected at random for grading. The average of these two will be your final grade for the course. The resit regulations regarding the assignments are specified in the study manual.All literature will be made available through Canvas.This course is optional in the second year of the BA History and BA History and International Studies. This course is part of the specialization Ancient History for second year Ancient Studies BA students. This course is also open to Exchange students who meet the entry requirements.Introductory courses in Ancient History (e.g. A Cultural History of the Ancient World 1 and 2 or Ancient History 1 and 2) Exchange students should have completed at least 6 ECTS (or equivalent) of coursework in Ancient History, Classics or related disciplines.