Phenological desynchronization of species interactions within urban environments

Trophic relationships are one particular type of species interactions that play a main role in ecosystem functioning. Humans can largely affect relevant trophic relationships. This study focuses on plant, herbivore and bird phenology and explores how urban microclimates, influenced by impervious surfaces and green/blue infrastructure, and light pollution affect temporary these interactions. A year-long field experiment in Amsterdam will investigate the role of human population density, vegetation, water surface and nocturnal light pollution on trophic cascades desynchronization by using leaf scans and plasticine caterpillars. This research aims to stablish the desynchronization magnitude of species interactions among urban environments.