Abstract
Litter cleanup and disposal management in the marine environment are increasingly subject to public scrutiny, government regulation and stakeholder initiatives. In practice, ongoing efforts and new investment decisions, for example in new cleanup technologies, are constrained by financial and economic resources. Given budgetary restrictions, it is important to optimize decision-making using a scientific framework that takes into account the various effects of investments by combining multiple scientific perspectives and integrating these in a consistent and coherent way. Identifying optimal levels of marine litter cleanup is a challenge, because of its cross-disciplinary nature, involving physics, environmental engineering, science, and economics. In this paper, we propose a bridge-building, spatial cost-benefit optimization framework that allows prioritizing where to apply limited cleanup efforts within a regional spatial network of marine litter sources, using input from the maturing field of marine litter transport modeling. The framework also includes ecosystem functioning in relation to variable litter concentrations, as well as the potentially non-linear cost-efficiency of cleanup technologies. From these three components (transport modeling, ecosystem functioning, cleanup-effectiveness), along with litter source mapping, we outline the optimal cleanup solution at any given ecological target or economic constraint, as well as determine the cleanup feasibility. We illustrate our framework in a Baltic and Mediterranean Sea case study, using real data for litter transport and cleanup technology. Our study shows that including pollution Green's functions is essential to assess the feasibility of cleanup and determine optimal deployment of cleanup investments, where the presented framework combines physical, economical, technological and biological data consistently to compare and rank alternatives.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 744208 |
Pages (from-to) | 1-18 |
Number of pages | 18 |
Journal | Frontiers in Marine Science |
Volume | 8 |
Issue number | November |
Early online date | 11 Nov 2021 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Nov 2021 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This work was supported by the EU Horizon2020 project (CLAIM Project, 2021) (grant agreement No. 774586).
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2021 Christensen, Tsiaras, Murawski, Hatzonikolakis, She, St. John, Lips and Brouwer.
Keywords
- cleaning feasibility
- cleaning technology
- cost-benefit analysis
- marine ecosystem services
- marine litter cleanup
- marine litter transport
- pollution plumes