A Network Model for Modulating Sensory Processing Sensitivity in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Epigenetics, Adaptivity, and Other Factors

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that can significantly affect an individual's behaviour and social interactions. Comprehending how various factors may influence these behaviours is vital for devising innovative intervention strategies to assist individuals with ASD. This study presents a computational agent model designed to investigate sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) and behavioural responses to stimuli in individuals with ASD. The model incorporates feedback loops to represent the diverse and adaptive behavioural responses observed in these individuals, illustrating the impact of various factors on these behaviours. We specifically explore how epigenetic mechanisms—modifications in gene expression influenced by environmental factors—affect SPS and responsiveness to subtle sensory stimuli in ASD. To evaluate our model and showcase its effectiveness in replicating and predicting the variability in behavioural responses among individuals with ASD, we conducted simulation experiments to reproduce scenarios depicting different responses to visual stimuli. The results highlight the potential of computational models in understanding the intricate sensory experiences in ASD and offer new perspectives for future research and interventions.