A One-Shot Pine Tree Disease Segmentation Model Integrating Interclass Relations and Prior Contour Awareness

Despite the proven effectiveness of deep learning technology in pine tree disease segmentation, acquiring a large volume of labeled data remains challenging and inefficient. Few-shot segmentation (FSS) uses a small amount of labeled data to guide the segmentation of unknown categories, further evolving into one-shot segmentation (OSS), which utilizes a single labeled sample to perform segmentation under conditions of extreme data scarcity. However, these methods are mostly applicable to natural images with clear boundaries and have not yet been applied to segmenting pine tree disease in autonomous aerial vehicle (AAV) remote sensing images. For this reason, we have designed the OSS model C2Net for the first time, which includes two main modules: 1) a prior contour awareness module (PCAM) that first generates a query image prior mask with contour response and then uses an iterative feature refinement unit (FRU) to refine features and accurately delineate the segmentation boundaries of pine tree disease and 2) an interclass relationship module (ICRM), which studies the vegetation index features of the support and query images, constructing importance weights that reflect the differences between categories, solving the visual similarity issue. Our experiments on field-collected and publicly available datasets demonstrate that C2Net excels in challenging OSS tasks, showing its ability to generalize across different sensor domains and various disease categories. Especially, on the field acquisition dataset, using just a single labeled pine tree disease image achieves an intersection over union (IoU) of 55.24% and an F₁ of 71.24%.