ALTERNATIVE PROCESSING ROUTES FOR ELECTROACTIVE FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS

The resulting films, printed in 2 seconds with microscale features (30 µm holes at 55 µm pitch), exhibit a piezoelectric coefficient of d₃₃ = 20.3 pC/N—comparable to the highest reported values for PVDF-TrFE—despite containing only 3 wt.% active material. Mechanistic studies reveal that the DWVML fabrication process promotes anisotropic alignment of β-phase PVDF-TrFE crystallites within the polymer matrix, resulting in homogeneous piezoelectric response across the structured films. These findings demonstrate how volumetric additive manufacturing combined with strategic resin design can control molecular organization to achieve superior functional properties with minimal active material content. Beyond piezoelectric applications, we critically evaluate PVDF's potential in Ferroelectric Random Access Memory (FeRAM), highlighting its unique advantages in flexibility, biocompatibility, and low-temperature processing for emerging applications in flexible electronics, neuromorphic computing, and sensor technologies. This work establishes a foundation for scalable production of functional 3D polymer structures and expands the application space for organic ferroelectrics in next-generation devices.