Association of maternal prenatal smoking GFI1-locus and cardio-metabolic phenotypes in 18,212 adults

Dorret I. Boomsma; for the BIOS Consortium; for the GLOBAL Meth QTL Consortium

doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.10.066

Association of maternal prenatal smoking GFI1-locus and cardio-metabolic phenotypes in 18,212 adults

Dorret I. Boomsma
, for the BIOS Consortium
, for the GLOBAL Meth QTL Consortium

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

BACKGROUND: DNA methylation at the GFI1-locus has been repeatedly associated with exposure to smoking from the foetal period onwards. We explored whether DNA methylation may be a mechanism that links exposure to maternal prenatal smoking with offspring's adult cardio-metabolic health.

METHODS: We meta-analysed the association between DNA methylation at GFI1-locus with maternal prenatal smoking, adult own smoking, and cardio-metabolic phenotypes in 22 population-based studies from Europe, Australia, and USA (n = 18,212). DNA methylation at the GFI1-locus was measured in whole-blood. Multivariable regression models were fitted to examine its association with exposure to prenatal and own adult smoking. DNA methylation levels were analysed in relation to body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fasting glucose (FG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), diastolic, and systolic blood pressure (BP).

FINDINGS: Lower DNA methylation at three out of eight GFI1-CpGs was associated with exposure to maternal prenatal smoking, whereas, all eight CpGs were associated with adult own smoking. Lower DNA methylation at cg14179389, the strongest maternal prenatal smoking locus, was associated with increased WC and BP when adjusted for sex, age, and adult smoking with Bonferroni-corrected P < 0·012. In contrast, lower DNA methylation at cg09935388, the strongest adult own smoking locus, was associated with decreased BMI, WC, and BP (adjusted 1 × 10-7 < P < 0.01). Similarly, lower DNA methylation at cg12876356, cg18316974, cg09662411, and cg18146737 was associated with decreased BMI and WC (5 × 10-8 < P < 0.001). Lower DNA methylation at all the CpGs was consistently associated with higher TG levels.

INTERPRETATION: Epigenetic changes at the GFI1 were linked to smoking exposure in-utero/in-adulthood and robustly associated with cardio-metabolic risk factors. FUND: European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 633595 DynaHEALTH.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	206-216
Number of pages	11
Journal	Ebiomedicine
Volume	38
Early online date	13 Nov 2018
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.10.066
Publication status	Published - Dec 2018

Funding

The UK Medical Research Council and Wellcome (grant number 102215/2/13/2) and the University of Bristol provide core support for ALSPAC. This publication is the work of the authors and Matthew Suderman will serve as guarantor for the ALSPAC-related contents of this paper. Analysis of the ALSPAC data was funded by UK Economic & Social Research Council grant (grant number ES/N000498/1). ARIES was funded by the BBSRC (BBI025751/1 and BB/I025263/ 1). Supplementary funding to generate DNA methylation data which are (or will be) included in ARIES has been obtained from the MRC, ESRC, NIH and other sources. ARIES is maintained under the auspices of the MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol (grant numbers MC_UU_12013/2, MC_UU_12013/8 and MC_UU_12013/9). Matthew Suderman was supported by the BBSRC and ESRC (grant number ES/N000498/1). BHS The study is supported by grant 2R01AG016592 from the National Institute on Aging. Shengxu Li was partly supportly by grant 13SDG14650068 from the American Heart Association. NTR, LLS, CODAM and PAN were supported from the Netherlands Cardiovascular Research Initiative (the Dutch Heart Foundation, Dutch Federation of University Medical Centres, the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development, and the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences) for the GENIUS project “Generating the best evidence-based pharmaceutical targets for atherosclerosis” (CVON2011–19). This work was performed within the framework of the Biobank-Based Integrative Omics Studies (BIOS) Consortium funded by BBMRI-NL, a research infrastructure financed by the Dutch government (NWO 184.021.007). EGCUT was supported by the Estonian Research Council Grants PRG184, PUT1665, IUT20-60, EU H2020 grant ePerMed (Grant No. 692145), and European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (Project No. 2014–2020.4.01.15–0012). Lili Milani was supported by Uppsala University Strategic Research Grant as part of the Science for Life Laboratory fellowship program. EPICOR was supported by the Compagnia di San Paolo for the EPIC-Italy and EPICOR projects, the Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM, formerly Human Genetics Foundation-Torino, HuGeF, Turin, Italy) and the MIUR ex60% grant. EPIC-Italy is further supported by a grant from the “Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro” (AIRC, Milan). The EPICOR study was also supported by a MIUR grant to the Department of Medical Sciences, project “Dipartimenti di Eccellenza 2018 – 2022”. The ESTHER study was supported by the Baden-Württemberg State Ministry of Science, Research and Arts (Stuttgart, Germany), the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Berlin, Germany), and the Federal Ministry of Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth (Berlin, Germany). The KORA study was initiated and financed by the Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Centre for Environmental Health, which is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and by the State of Bavaria. Furthermore, KORA research has been supported within the Munich Centre of Health Sciences (MC-Health), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, as part of LMUinnovativ. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Program under grant agreement [n°602736] (Multi-dimensional omics approach to stratification of patients with low back pain - PAIN-OMICS; http://www.painomics.eu /) and under grant agreement [n°603288] (Systems Biology to Identify Molecular Targets for Vascular Disease Treatment – SysVasc; http://www.sysvasc.eu /). This work was further supported by a grant (WA 4081/1–1) from the German Research Foundation. N. Verweij was supported by NWO VENI (016.186.125). L. Franke is supported by ZonMW-VIDI 917.14.374 and ERC Starting Grant, grant agreement 637640 (ImmRisk). The LOLIPOP study is supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, the British Heart Foundation (SP/04/002), the Medical Research Council (G0601966, G0700931), the Wellcome Trust (084723/Z/08/Z, 090532 & 098381) the NIHR (RP-PG-0407-10371), the NIHR Official Development Assistance (ODA, award 16/136/68), the European Union FP7 (EpiMigrant, 279143) and H2020 programs (iHealth-T2D, 643774). John Chambers is supported by Singapore Ministry of Health's National Medical Research Council under its Singapore Translational Research Investigator (STaR) Award (NMRC/STaR/0028/2017). NFBC1966 received financial support from University of Oulu Grant no. 65354, Oulu University Hospital Grant no. 2/97, 8/97, Ministry of Health and Social Affairs Grant no. 23/251/97, 160/97, 190/97, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki Grant no. 54121, Regional Institute of Occupational Health, Oulu, Finland Grant no. 50621, 54231. NFBC1986 received financial support from EU QLG1-CT-2000-01643 (EUROBLCS) Grant no. E51560, NorFA Grant no. 731, 20056, 30167, USA / NIHH 2000 G DF682 Grant no. 50945. MRC no: MR/M013138/1, ERDF European Regional Development Fund Grant no. 539/2010 A31592. Matthias Wielscher was supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 633212. Priyanka Parmar, Sylvain Sebert and Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin received support by H2020–633595 DynaHEALTH, H2020 733206 LifeCycle, the academy of Finland EGEA-project (285547) and the Biocenter Oulu. The authors acknowledge the contributions to core funding of the Raine Study by the University of Western Australia, the Telethon Kids Institute, the Raine Medical Research Foundation, the Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science (UWA), the Women and Infants Research Foundation, Curtin University, and Edith Cowan University. The authors also acknowledge the long-term support of the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC). The epigenetic data collection is supported by NHMRC grant #1059711. Rae-Chi Huang and Trevor A Mori are supported by NHMRC Research Fellowships #1053384 and #1042255, respectively. The Rotterdam Study is funded by Erasmus Medical Centre and Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands Organization for the Health Research and Development (ZonMw), the Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (RIDE), the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, the Ministry for Health, Welfare and Sports, the European Commission (DG XII), and the Municipality of Rotterdam. The EWAS data was funded by the Genetic Laboratory of the Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, and by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO; project no. 184021007) and made available as a Rainbow Project (RP3; BIOS) of the Bio banking and Biomolecular Research Infrastructure Netherlands (BBMRI-NL). SHIP is part of the Community Medicine Research net of the University of Greifswald, Germany, which is funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grants no. 01ZZ9603, 01ZZ0103, and 01ZZ0403), the Ministry of Cultural Affairs as well as the Social Ministry of the Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania, and the network ‘Greifswald Approach to Individualized Medicine (GANI_MED)’ funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grant 03IS2061A). DNA methylation data have been supported by the DZHK (grant 81 × 34000104). The University of Greifswald is a member of the Caché Campus program of the InterSystems GmbH. The YFS has been financially supported by the Academy of Finland: grants 286284, 134309 (Eye), 126925, 121584, 124282, 129378 (Salve), 117787 (Gendi), and 41071 (Skidi); the Social Insurance Institution of Finland; Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility area of Kuopio, Tampere and Turku University Hospitals (grant X51001); Juho Vainio Foundation; Paavo Nurmi Foundation; Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research; Finnish Cultural Foundation; The Sigrid Juselius Foundation; Tampere Tuberculosis Foundation; Emil Aaltonen Foundation; Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation; Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation; Diabetes Research Foundation of Finnish Diabetes Association; and EU Horizon 2020 (grant 755320 for TAXINOMISIS); and European Research Council (grant 742927 for MULTIEPIGEN project); Tampere University Hospital Supporting Foundation. European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 633595 DynaHEALTH.

Funders	Funder number
American Heart Association
Tampereen Tuberkuloosisäätiö
Munich Centre of Health Sciences
Women and Infants Research Foundation
Department of Medical Sciences
Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam
Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
Paavo Nurmen Säätiö
Netherlands Organization for the Health Research and Development
Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine
Signe ja Ane Gyllenbergin Säätiö
Raine Medical Research Foundation
Suomen Kulttuurirahasto
Curtin University of Technology
Dutch Heart Foundation
Compagnia di San Paolo
Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly
Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science
National Institute for Health Research
Erasmus Medisch Centrum
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
Juho Vainion Säätiö
Netherlands CardioVascular Research Initiative
Telethon Kids Institute
Emil Aaltosen Säätiö
Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro
Edith Cowan University
Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport
Dutch Government
Nederlandse Federatie van Universitair Medische Centra
Baden-Württemberg State Ministry of Science, Research and Arts
BBMRI-NL
Ministry of Cultural Affairs
Uppsala Universitet
ZonMw
Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Helmholtz Zentrum München
Ministry of Health -Singapore
Tampere University Hospital Supporting Foundation
Diabetes Research Foundation of Finnish Diabetes Association
University of Western Australia
Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca
IIGM
Sydäntutkimussäätiö
Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development
European Research Council
NIHR Official Development Assistance
Science for Life Laboratory
University of Bristol
Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend
Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap
Yrjö Jahnssonin Säätiö
Sigrid Juséliuksen Säätiö
Horizon 2020
UK Research and Innovation
Wellcome Trust	084723/Z/08/Z, 084723, 098381, 102215/2/13/2, RP-PG-0407-10371, 090532
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme	755320, 643774, 633595
National Institute on Aging	13SDG14650068
Academy of Finland	126925, 129378, 121584, 117787, 41071, 134309, 286284, 124282
Medical Research Council	G0601966, MR/M013138/1, MR/M013138/2, G0700931
Sosiaali- ja Terveysministeriö	190/97, 160/97, 23/251/97
National Medical Research Council	NMRC/STaR/0028/2017, NFBC1966
NWO	01ZZ0403, 01ZZ0103, 01ZZ9603, 184.021.007
European Commission	602736, QLG1-CT-2000-01643, E51560
Eesti Teadusagentuur	PRG184, IUT20-60, PUT1665
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council	BBI025751/1, BB/I025263/1
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft	016.186.125
Economic and Social Research Council	ES/N000498/1, 2R01AG016592
Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania	03IS2061A
Oulu University Hospital	2/97, 8/97
Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences	CVON2011–19
Oulun Yliopisto	65354
Seventh Framework Programme	733206, 633212, 692145, 637640, 742927, 279143, 603288, WA 4081/1–1
Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung	81 × 34000104
NIHH	DF682, 50945
NorFA	30167, 20056, 731
National Health and Medical Research Council	1059711, 1042255, 1053384
European Regional Development Fund	539/2010 A31592, 2014–2020.4.01.15–0012
British Heart Foundation	SP/04/002
Oregon Department of Agriculture	16/136/68
Turun Yliopistollinen Keskussairaala	X51001
ZonMw-VIDI	917.14.374
National Institute for Health and Welfare	54231, 54121, NFBC1986, 50621

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

Cohort Studies

Netherlands Twin Register (NTR)

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10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.10.066

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@article{1715defeb26c4b97b30fd6f2051d52bc,

title = "Association of maternal prenatal smoking GFI1-locus and cardio-metabolic phenotypes in 18,212 adults",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: DNA methylation at the GFI1-locus has been repeatedly associated with exposure to smoking from the foetal period onwards. We explored whether DNA methylation may be a mechanism that links exposure to maternal prenatal smoking with offspring's adult cardio-metabolic health.METHODS: We meta-analysed the association between DNA methylation at GFI1-locus with maternal prenatal smoking, adult own smoking, and cardio-metabolic phenotypes in 22 population-based studies from Europe, Australia, and USA (n = 18,212). DNA methylation at the GFI1-locus was measured in whole-blood. Multivariable regression models were fitted to examine its association with exposure to prenatal and own adult smoking. DNA methylation levels were analysed in relation to body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fasting glucose (FG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), diastolic, and systolic blood pressure (BP).FINDINGS: Lower DNA methylation at three out of eight GFI1-CpGs was associated with exposure to maternal prenatal smoking, whereas, all eight CpGs were associated with adult own smoking. Lower DNA methylation at cg14179389, the strongest maternal prenatal smoking locus, was associated with increased WC and BP when adjusted for sex, age, and adult smoking with Bonferroni-corrected P < 0·012. In contrast, lower DNA methylation at cg09935388, the strongest adult own smoking locus, was associated with decreased BMI, WC, and BP (adjusted 1 × 10-7 < P < 0.01). Similarly, lower DNA methylation at cg12876356, cg18316974, cg09662411, and cg18146737 was associated with decreased BMI and WC (5 × 10-8 < P < 0.001). Lower DNA methylation at all the CpGs was consistently associated with higher TG levels.INTERPRETATION: Epigenetic changes at the GFI1 were linked to smoking exposure in-utero/in-adulthood and robustly associated with cardio-metabolic risk factors. FUND: European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 633595 DynaHEALTH.",

author = "Priyanka Parmar and Estelle Lowry and Giovanni Cugliari and Matthew Suderman and Rory Wilson and Ville Karhunen and Toby Andrew and Petri Wiklund and Matthias Wielscher and Simonetta Guarrera and Alexander Teumer and Benjamin Lehne and Lili Milani and \{de Klein\}, Niek and Mishra, \{Pashupati P.\} and Melton, \{Phillip E.\} and Mandaviya, \{Pooja R.\} and Silva Kasela and Jana Nano and Weihua Zhang and Yan Zhang and Uitterlinden, \{Andre G.\} and Annette Peters and Ben Sch{\"o}ttker and Christian Gieger and Denise Anderson and Boomsma, \{Dorret I.\} and Grabe, \{Hans J.\} and Salvatore Panico and Veldink, \{Jan H.\} and \{van Meurs\}, \{Joyce B.J.\} and \{van den Berg\}, Leonard and Beilin, \{Lawrence J.\} and Lude Franke and Marie Loh and \{van Greevenbroek\}, \{Marleen M.J.\} and Matthias Nauck and Mika K{\"a}h{\"o}nen and Hurme, \{Mikko A.\} and Raitakari, \{Olli T.\} and Franco, \{Oscar H.\} and Slagboom, \{P. Eline\} and \{van der Harst\}, Pim and Sonja Kunze and Felix, \{Stephan B.\} and Tao Zhang and Wei Chen and Mori, \{Trevor A.\} and Amelie Bonnefond and Heijmans, \{Bastiaan T.\} and Taulant Muka and Kooner, \{Jaspal S.\} and Krista Fischer and Melanie Waldenberger and Philippe Froguel and Huang, \{Rae Chi\} and Terho Lehtim{\"a}ki and Wolfgang Rathmann and Relton, \{Caroline L.\} and Giuseppe Matullo and Hermann Brenner and Niek Verweij and Shengxu Li and Chambers, \{John C.\} and J{\"a}rvelin, \{Marjo Riitta\} and Sylvain Sebert and \{for the BIOS Consortium\} and \{for the GLOBAL Meth QTL Consortium\}",

year = "2018",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.10.066",

language = "English",

volume = "38",

pages = "206--216",

journal = "Ebiomedicine",

issn = "2352-3964",

publisher = "Elsevier BV",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Association of maternal prenatal smoking GFI1-locus and cardio-metabolic phenotypes in 18,212 adults

AU - Parmar, Priyanka

AU - Lowry, Estelle

AU - Cugliari, Giovanni

AU - Suderman, Matthew

AU - Wilson, Rory

AU - Karhunen, Ville

AU - Andrew, Toby

AU - Wiklund, Petri

AU - Wielscher, Matthias

AU - Guarrera, Simonetta

AU - Teumer, Alexander

AU - Lehne, Benjamin

AU - Milani, Lili

AU - de Klein, Niek

AU - Mishra, Pashupati P.

AU - Melton, Phillip E.

AU - Mandaviya, Pooja R.

AU - Kasela, Silva

AU - Nano, Jana

AU - Zhang, Weihua

AU - Zhang, Yan

AU - Uitterlinden, Andre G.

AU - Peters, Annette

AU - Schöttker, Ben

AU - Gieger, Christian

AU - Anderson, Denise

AU - Boomsma, Dorret I.

AU - Grabe, Hans J.

AU - Panico, Salvatore

AU - Veldink, Jan H.

AU - van Meurs, Joyce B.J.

AU - van den Berg, Leonard

AU - Beilin, Lawrence J.

AU - Franke, Lude

AU - Loh, Marie

AU - van Greevenbroek, Marleen M.J.

AU - Nauck, Matthias

AU - Kähönen, Mika

AU - Hurme, Mikko A.

AU - Raitakari, Olli T.

AU - Franco, Oscar H.

AU - Slagboom, P. Eline

AU - van der Harst, Pim

AU - Kunze, Sonja

AU - Felix, Stephan B.

AU - Zhang, Tao

AU - Chen, Wei

AU - Mori, Trevor A.

AU - Bonnefond, Amelie

AU - Heijmans, Bastiaan T.

AU - Muka, Taulant

AU - Kooner, Jaspal S.

AU - Fischer, Krista

AU - Waldenberger, Melanie

AU - Froguel, Philippe

AU - Huang, Rae Chi

AU - Lehtimäki, Terho

AU - Rathmann, Wolfgang

AU - Relton, Caroline L.

AU - Matullo, Giuseppe

AU - Brenner, Hermann

AU - Verweij, Niek

AU - Li, Shengxu

AU - Chambers, John C.

AU - Järvelin, Marjo Riitta

AU - Sebert, Sylvain

AU - for the BIOS Consortium

AU - for the GLOBAL Meth QTL Consortium

PY - 2018/12

Y1 - 2018/12

N2 - BACKGROUND: DNA methylation at the GFI1-locus has been repeatedly associated with exposure to smoking from the foetal period onwards. We explored whether DNA methylation may be a mechanism that links exposure to maternal prenatal smoking with offspring's adult cardio-metabolic health.METHODS: We meta-analysed the association between DNA methylation at GFI1-locus with maternal prenatal smoking, adult own smoking, and cardio-metabolic phenotypes in 22 population-based studies from Europe, Australia, and USA (n = 18,212). DNA methylation at the GFI1-locus was measured in whole-blood. Multivariable regression models were fitted to examine its association with exposure to prenatal and own adult smoking. DNA methylation levels were analysed in relation to body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fasting glucose (FG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), diastolic, and systolic blood pressure (BP).FINDINGS: Lower DNA methylation at three out of eight GFI1-CpGs was associated with exposure to maternal prenatal smoking, whereas, all eight CpGs were associated with adult own smoking. Lower DNA methylation at cg14179389, the strongest maternal prenatal smoking locus, was associated with increased WC and BP when adjusted for sex, age, and adult smoking with Bonferroni-corrected P < 0·012. In contrast, lower DNA methylation at cg09935388, the strongest adult own smoking locus, was associated with decreased BMI, WC, and BP (adjusted 1 × 10-7 < P < 0.01). Similarly, lower DNA methylation at cg12876356, cg18316974, cg09662411, and cg18146737 was associated with decreased BMI and WC (5 × 10-8 < P < 0.001). Lower DNA methylation at all the CpGs was consistently associated with higher TG levels.INTERPRETATION: Epigenetic changes at the GFI1 were linked to smoking exposure in-utero/in-adulthood and robustly associated with cardio-metabolic risk factors. FUND: European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 633595 DynaHEALTH.

AB - BACKGROUND: DNA methylation at the GFI1-locus has been repeatedly associated with exposure to smoking from the foetal period onwards. We explored whether DNA methylation may be a mechanism that links exposure to maternal prenatal smoking with offspring's adult cardio-metabolic health.METHODS: We meta-analysed the association between DNA methylation at GFI1-locus with maternal prenatal smoking, adult own smoking, and cardio-metabolic phenotypes in 22 population-based studies from Europe, Australia, and USA (n = 18,212). DNA methylation at the GFI1-locus was measured in whole-blood. Multivariable regression models were fitted to examine its association with exposure to prenatal and own adult smoking. DNA methylation levels were analysed in relation to body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fasting glucose (FG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), diastolic, and systolic blood pressure (BP).FINDINGS: Lower DNA methylation at three out of eight GFI1-CpGs was associated with exposure to maternal prenatal smoking, whereas, all eight CpGs were associated with adult own smoking. Lower DNA methylation at cg14179389, the strongest maternal prenatal smoking locus, was associated with increased WC and BP when adjusted for sex, age, and adult smoking with Bonferroni-corrected P < 0·012. In contrast, lower DNA methylation at cg09935388, the strongest adult own smoking locus, was associated with decreased BMI, WC, and BP (adjusted 1 × 10-7 < P < 0.01). Similarly, lower DNA methylation at cg12876356, cg18316974, cg09662411, and cg18146737 was associated with decreased BMI and WC (5 × 10-8 < P < 0.001). Lower DNA methylation at all the CpGs was consistently associated with higher TG levels.INTERPRETATION: Epigenetic changes at the GFI1 were linked to smoking exposure in-utero/in-adulthood and robustly associated with cardio-metabolic risk factors. FUND: European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 633595 DynaHEALTH.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85056388160

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85056388160#tab=citedBy

U2 - 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.10.066

DO - 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.10.066

M3 - Article

C2 - 30442561

SN - 2352-3964

VL - 38

SP - 206

EP - 216

JO - Ebiomedicine

JF - Ebiomedicine

ER -

Association of maternal prenatal smoking GFI1-locus and cardio-metabolic phenotypes in 18,212 adults

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