Bacteriophage capsids: Tough nanoshells with complex elastic properties

I.L. Ivanovska, P.J. de Pablo, B. Ibarra, G. Sgalari, F.C. Mac Kintosh, J. L. Carrascosa, C. Schmidt, G.J.L. Wuite

Research output: Contribution to JournalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

The shell of bacteriophages protects the viral DNA during host-to-host transfer and serves as a high-pressure container storing energy for DNA injection into a host bacterium. Here, we probe the mechanical properties of nanometer-sized bacteriophage φ29 shells by applying point forces. We show that empty shells withstand nanonewton forces while being indented up to 30% of their height. The elastic response varies across the surface, reflecting the arrangement of shell proteins. The measured Young's modulus (≈1.8 GPa) is comparable with that of hard plastic. We also observe fatigue and breakage of capsids after probing them repetitively. These results illustrate the mechanoprotection that viral shells provide and also suggest design principles for nanotechnology.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)7600-7605
JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Volume101
Issue number20
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2004

Bibliographical note

Bacteriophage capsids: Tough nanoshells with complex elastic properties

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