Biomarkers of the alcohol hangover state: Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS)

M. Mackus; A.J.A.E. van de Loo; S.J. Raasveld; A. Hogewoning; J. Sastre Toraño; F.M. Flesch; G.A.H. Korte-Bouws; R.H.P. van Neer; X. Wang; T.T. Nguyen; K.A. Brookhuis; A.D. Kraneveld; J. Garssen; J.C. Verster

doi:10.1002/hup.2624

Biomarkers of the alcohol hangover state: Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS)

M. Mackus, A.J.A.E. van de Loo, S.J. Raasveld, A. Hogewoning, J. Sastre Toraño, F.M. Flesch, G.A.H. Korte-Bouws, R.H.P. van Neer, X. Wang, T.T. Nguyen, K.A. Brookhuis, A.D. Kraneveld, J. Garssen, J.C. Verster

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Abstract

© 2017 The Authors. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical & Experimental Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) as biomarkers of the hangover state. Methods: Thirty-sixhealthy social drinkers participated in this study, being of naturalistic design. Eighteen participants experience regular hangovers (the hangover group), whereas the other 18 claim to not experience a hangover (the hangover-immune group). On a control day (alcohol-free) day and a post-alcohol day, urine EtG and EtS concentrations were determined and hangover severity assessed. Results: Urinary EtG and EtS concentrations were significantly increased on post-alcohol day compared to the control day (p =.0001). Both EtG and EtS concentrations did not significantly correlate with the overall hangover score, nor with the estimated peak blood alcohol concentrations and number of alcoholic drinks. EtG correlated significantly only with the individual hangover symptom “headache” (p =.033; r =.403). No significant correlations were found with the EtG to EtS ratio. EtG and EtS concentrations significantly correlated with urine ethanol concentrations. Conclusions: Although urine EtG and EtS concentration did not significantly correlate to estimated peak blood alcohol concentrations or the number of alcoholic drinks consumed, a significant correlation was found with urine ethanol concentration. However, urine EtG and EtS concentrations did not significantly correlate with overall hangover severity.

Original language	English
Article number	e2624
Journal	Human Psychopharmacology
Volume	32
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.2624
Publication status	Published - 1 Sept 2017
Externally published	Yes

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Mackus, M., van de Loo, A. J. A. E., Raasveld, S. J., Hogewoning, A., Sastre Toraño, J., Flesch, F. M., Korte-Bouws, G. A. H., van Neer, R. H. P., Wang, X., Nguyen, T. T., Brookhuis, K. A., Kraneveld, A. D., Garssen, J., & Verster, J. C. (2017). Biomarkers of the alcohol hangover state: Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS). Human Psychopharmacology, 32(5), Article e2624. https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.2624

@article{26099cb79e3040be8ef9f745cd47b21e,

title = "Biomarkers of the alcohol hangover state: Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS)",

abstract = "{\textcopyright} 2017 The Authors. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical & Experimental Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) as biomarkers of the hangover state. Methods: Thirty-sixhealthy social drinkers participated in this study, being of naturalistic design. Eighteen participants experience regular hangovers (the hangover group), whereas the other 18 claim to not experience a hangover (the hangover-immune group). On a control day (alcohol-free) day and a post-alcohol day, urine EtG and EtS concentrations were determined and hangover severity assessed. Results: Urinary EtG and EtS concentrations were significantly increased on post-alcohol day compared to the control day (p =.0001). Both EtG and EtS concentrations did not significantly correlate with the overall hangover score, nor with the estimated peak blood alcohol concentrations and number of alcoholic drinks. EtG correlated significantly only with the individual hangover symptom “headache” (p =.033; r =.403). No significant correlations were found with the EtG to EtS ratio. EtG and EtS concentrations significantly correlated with urine ethanol concentrations. Conclusions: Although urine EtG and EtS concentration did not significantly correlate to estimated peak blood alcohol concentrations or the number of alcoholic drinks consumed, a significant correlation was found with urine ethanol concentration. However, urine EtG and EtS concentrations did not significantly correlate with overall hangover severity.",

author = "M. Mackus and {van de Loo}, A.J.A.E. and S.J. Raasveld and A. Hogewoning and {Sastre Tora{\~n}o}, J. and F.M. Flesch and G.A.H. Korte-Bouws and {van Neer}, R.H.P. and X. Wang and T.T. Nguyen and K.A. Brookhuis and A.D. Kraneveld and J. Garssen and J.C. Verster",

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doi = "10.1002/hup.2624",

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Mackus, M, van de Loo, AJAE, Raasveld, SJ, Hogewoning, A, Sastre Toraño, J, Flesch, FM, Korte-Bouws, GAH, van Neer, RHP, Wang, X, Nguyen, TT, Brookhuis, KA, Kraneveld, AD, Garssen, J & Verster, JC 2017, 'Biomarkers of the alcohol hangover state: Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS)', Human Psychopharmacology, vol. 32, no. 5, e2624. https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.2624

TY - JOUR

T1 - Biomarkers of the alcohol hangover state

T2 - Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS)

AU - Mackus, M.

AU - van de Loo, A.J.A.E.

AU - Raasveld, S.J.

AU - Hogewoning, A.

AU - Sastre Toraño, J.

AU - Flesch, F.M.

AU - Korte-Bouws, G.A.H.

AU - van Neer, R.H.P.

AU - Wang, X.

AU - Nguyen, T.T.

AU - Brookhuis, K.A.

AU - Kraneveld, A.D.

AU - Garssen, J.

AU - Verster, J.C.

PY - 2017/9/1

Y1 - 2017/9/1

N2 - © 2017 The Authors. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical & Experimental Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) as biomarkers of the hangover state. Methods: Thirty-sixhealthy social drinkers participated in this study, being of naturalistic design. Eighteen participants experience regular hangovers (the hangover group), whereas the other 18 claim to not experience a hangover (the hangover-immune group). On a control day (alcohol-free) day and a post-alcohol day, urine EtG and EtS concentrations were determined and hangover severity assessed. Results: Urinary EtG and EtS concentrations were significantly increased on post-alcohol day compared to the control day (p =.0001). Both EtG and EtS concentrations did not significantly correlate with the overall hangover score, nor with the estimated peak blood alcohol concentrations and number of alcoholic drinks. EtG correlated significantly only with the individual hangover symptom “headache” (p =.033; r =.403). No significant correlations were found with the EtG to EtS ratio. EtG and EtS concentrations significantly correlated with urine ethanol concentrations. Conclusions: Although urine EtG and EtS concentration did not significantly correlate to estimated peak blood alcohol concentrations or the number of alcoholic drinks consumed, a significant correlation was found with urine ethanol concentration. However, urine EtG and EtS concentrations did not significantly correlate with overall hangover severity.

AB - © 2017 The Authors. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical & Experimental Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) as biomarkers of the hangover state. Methods: Thirty-sixhealthy social drinkers participated in this study, being of naturalistic design. Eighteen participants experience regular hangovers (the hangover group), whereas the other 18 claim to not experience a hangover (the hangover-immune group). On a control day (alcohol-free) day and a post-alcohol day, urine EtG and EtS concentrations were determined and hangover severity assessed. Results: Urinary EtG and EtS concentrations were significantly increased on post-alcohol day compared to the control day (p =.0001). Both EtG and EtS concentrations did not significantly correlate with the overall hangover score, nor with the estimated peak blood alcohol concentrations and number of alcoholic drinks. EtG correlated significantly only with the individual hangover symptom “headache” (p =.033; r =.403). No significant correlations were found with the EtG to EtS ratio. EtG and EtS concentrations significantly correlated with urine ethanol concentrations. Conclusions: Although urine EtG and EtS concentration did not significantly correlate to estimated peak blood alcohol concentrations or the number of alcoholic drinks consumed, a significant correlation was found with urine ethanol concentration. However, urine EtG and EtS concentrations did not significantly correlate with overall hangover severity.

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U2 - 10.1002/hup.2624

DO - 10.1002/hup.2624

M3 - Article

SN - 0885-6222

VL - 32

JO - Human Psychopharmacology

JF - Human Psychopharmacology

IS - 5

M1 - e2624

ER -

Biomarkers of the alcohol hangover state: Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS)

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