Caffeine improved cycling trial performance in mentally fatigued cyclists, regardless of alterations in prefrontal cortex activation

Paulo Estevão Franco-Alvarenga; Cayque Brietzke; Raul Canestri; Márcio Fagundes Goethel; Florentina Hettinga; Tony Meireles Santos; Flávio Oliveira Pires

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.02.009

Caffeine improved cycling trial performance in mentally fatigued cyclists, regardless of alterations in prefrontal cortex activation

Paulo Estevão Franco-Alvarenga, Cayque Brietzke, Raul Canestri, Márcio Fagundes Goethel, Florentina Hettinga, Tony Meireles Santos, Flávio Oliveira Pires

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Purpose: To verify whether caffeine (CAF) could increase the prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation and improve 20 km cycling time trial (TT 20km ) performance in mentally fatigued cyclists. Methods: After preliminary TT 20km , twelve recreational cyclists (VO 2MAX of 58.9 ± 6.2 mL kg min −1 ) performed a familiarization with a cognitive test to induce mental fatigue (MF) and psychological scales. Thereafter, they performed: 2) a baseline TT 20km ; 3) a mentally fatigued TT 20km (MF); 4 and 5) a mentally fatigued TT 20km after CAF (MF + CAF) or placebo (MF + PLA) ingestion, in a double-blind, counterbalanced design. Performance and psychological responses were obtained throughout the TT 20km , while PFC electroencephalography (EEG) theta wave was obtained before and after the mental fatigue test. Results: The mental fatigue-induced increase in EEG theta wave (↑ ~ 4.8%) was reverted with CAF (↓ 8.8%) and PLA ingestion (↓ 4.8%). CAF improved TT 20km performance in mentally fatigued cyclists by reducing time (p = .00; ↓ ~ 1.7%) and increasing W MEAN (p = .00; ↑ ~ 3.6%), when compared to MF + PLA. The RPE-power output ratio was lower (p = .01), but affect (p = .018), motivation (p = .033) and emotional arousal (p = .001) were greater throughout the TT 20km in MF + CAF than in MF + PLA. Conclusions: CAF ingestion improved TT 20km performance and psychological responses in mentally fatigued cyclists, despite the unaltered PFC activation.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	41-48
Journal	Physiology and Behavior
Volume	204
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.02.009
Publication status	Published - 15 May 2019
Externally published	Yes

Funding

This study was a part of a supplementation project supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP-Brazil) (#2016/16496-3 ). Flávio Pires is grateful to the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq-Brazil) for his researcher scholarship (#307072/2016-9 ). Authors of this study had scholarship financed by the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES-Brazil), Finance Code 001 (Paulo Franco-Alvarenga, Cayque Brietzke, Raul Canestri and Marcio Goethel).

Funders	Funder number
CAPES-Brazil
CNPq-Brazil
Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel
FAPESP-Brazil
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo	2016/16496-3
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico	307072/2016-9

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@article{8a1d8f117ff548cb8d37d305128fde0d,

title = "Caffeine improved cycling trial performance in mentally fatigued cyclists, regardless of alterations in prefrontal cortex activation",

abstract = "Purpose: To verify whether caffeine (CAF) could increase the prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation and improve 20 km cycling time trial (TT 20km ) performance in mentally fatigued cyclists. Methods: After preliminary TT 20km , twelve recreational cyclists (VO 2MAX of 58.9 ± 6.2 mL kg min −1 ) performed a familiarization with a cognitive test to induce mental fatigue (MF) and psychological scales. Thereafter, they performed: 2) a baseline TT 20km ; 3) a mentally fatigued TT 20km (MF); 4 and 5) a mentally fatigued TT 20km after CAF (MF + CAF) or placebo (MF + PLA) ingestion, in a double-blind, counterbalanced design. Performance and psychological responses were obtained throughout the TT 20km , while PFC electroencephalography (EEG) theta wave was obtained before and after the mental fatigue test. Results: The mental fatigue-induced increase in EEG theta wave (↑ ~ 4.8%) was reverted with CAF (↓ 8.8%) and PLA ingestion (↓ 4.8%). CAF improved TT 20km performance in mentally fatigued cyclists by reducing time (p = .00; ↓ ~ 1.7%) and increasing W MEAN (p = .00; ↑ ~ 3.6%), when compared to MF + PLA. The RPE-power output ratio was lower (p = .01), but affect (p = .018), motivation (p = .033) and emotional arousal (p = .001) were greater throughout the TT 20km in MF + CAF than in MF + PLA. Conclusions: CAF ingestion improved TT 20km performance and psychological responses in mentally fatigued cyclists, despite the unaltered PFC activation.",

author = "Franco-Alvarenga, {Paulo Estev{\~a}o} and Cayque Brietzke and Raul Canestri and Goethel, {M{\'a}rcio Fagundes} and Florentina Hettinga and Santos, {Tony Meireles} and Pires, {Fl{\'a}vio Oliveira}",

year = "2019",

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day = "15",

doi = "10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.02.009",

language = "English",

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T1 - Caffeine improved cycling trial performance in mentally fatigued cyclists, regardless of alterations in prefrontal cortex activation

AU - Franco-Alvarenga, Paulo Estevão

AU - Brietzke, Cayque

AU - Canestri, Raul

AU - Goethel, Márcio Fagundes

AU - Hettinga, Florentina

AU - Santos, Tony Meireles

AU - Pires, Flávio Oliveira

PY - 2019/5/15

Y1 - 2019/5/15

N2 - Purpose: To verify whether caffeine (CAF) could increase the prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation and improve 20 km cycling time trial (TT 20km ) performance in mentally fatigued cyclists. Methods: After preliminary TT 20km , twelve recreational cyclists (VO 2MAX of 58.9 ± 6.2 mL kg min −1 ) performed a familiarization with a cognitive test to induce mental fatigue (MF) and psychological scales. Thereafter, they performed: 2) a baseline TT 20km ; 3) a mentally fatigued TT 20km (MF); 4 and 5) a mentally fatigued TT 20km after CAF (MF + CAF) or placebo (MF + PLA) ingestion, in a double-blind, counterbalanced design. Performance and psychological responses were obtained throughout the TT 20km , while PFC electroencephalography (EEG) theta wave was obtained before and after the mental fatigue test. Results: The mental fatigue-induced increase in EEG theta wave (↑ ~ 4.8%) was reverted with CAF (↓ 8.8%) and PLA ingestion (↓ 4.8%). CAF improved TT 20km performance in mentally fatigued cyclists by reducing time (p = .00; ↓ ~ 1.7%) and increasing W MEAN (p = .00; ↑ ~ 3.6%), when compared to MF + PLA. The RPE-power output ratio was lower (p = .01), but affect (p = .018), motivation (p = .033) and emotional arousal (p = .001) were greater throughout the TT 20km in MF + CAF than in MF + PLA. Conclusions: CAF ingestion improved TT 20km performance and psychological responses in mentally fatigued cyclists, despite the unaltered PFC activation.

AB - Purpose: To verify whether caffeine (CAF) could increase the prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation and improve 20 km cycling time trial (TT 20km ) performance in mentally fatigued cyclists. Methods: After preliminary TT 20km , twelve recreational cyclists (VO 2MAX of 58.9 ± 6.2 mL kg min −1 ) performed a familiarization with a cognitive test to induce mental fatigue (MF) and psychological scales. Thereafter, they performed: 2) a baseline TT 20km ; 3) a mentally fatigued TT 20km (MF); 4 and 5) a mentally fatigued TT 20km after CAF (MF + CAF) or placebo (MF + PLA) ingestion, in a double-blind, counterbalanced design. Performance and psychological responses were obtained throughout the TT 20km , while PFC electroencephalography (EEG) theta wave was obtained before and after the mental fatigue test. Results: The mental fatigue-induced increase in EEG theta wave (↑ ~ 4.8%) was reverted with CAF (↓ 8.8%) and PLA ingestion (↓ 4.8%). CAF improved TT 20km performance in mentally fatigued cyclists by reducing time (p = .00; ↓ ~ 1.7%) and increasing W MEAN (p = .00; ↑ ~ 3.6%), when compared to MF + PLA. The RPE-power output ratio was lower (p = .01), but affect (p = .018), motivation (p = .033) and emotional arousal (p = .001) were greater throughout the TT 20km in MF + CAF than in MF + PLA. Conclusions: CAF ingestion improved TT 20km performance and psychological responses in mentally fatigued cyclists, despite the unaltered PFC activation.

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U2 - 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.02.009

DO - 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.02.009

M3 - Article

SN - 0031-9384

VL - 204

SP - 41

EP - 48

JO - Physiology and Behavior

JF - Physiology and Behavior

ER -

Caffeine improved cycling trial performance in mentally fatigued cyclists, regardless of alterations in prefrontal cortex activation

Abstract

Funding

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