Calibration and Application of PUF Disk Passive Air Samplers To Assess Chlorinated Paraffins in Ambient Air in Australia, China, and Vietnam

Chang He, Phong K. Thai, Lidwina Bertrand, Ayomi Jayarathne, Louise van Mourik, Dam Hoang Phuc, Andrew Banks, Jochen F. Mueller, Xianyu Fisher Wang*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to JournalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

Ambient air samples were collected in Brisbane (Australia), Dalian (China), and Hanoi (Vietnam) during Mar 2013-Feb 2018 using polyurethane foam based passive air samplers. A sampling rate calibration experiment was conducted for chlorinated paraffins (CPs, i.e., short-chain, medium-chain, and long-chain CPs), where the sampling rates were 4.5 ± 0.7, 4.8 ± 0.3, and 4.8 ± 2.1 m3 day-1 for SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs, respectively. The atmospheric concentration of CPs was then calculated and the medians of ∑CPs were 0.079, 1.0, and 0.89 ng m-3 in Brisbane, Dalian, and Hanoi, respectively. The concentration of CPs in Brisbane’s air remained at low levels, with no significant differences observed between the city background site and the city center site, indicating limited usage and production of CPs in this city. The highest concentration of MCCPs was detected in Dalian, while the highest concentration of SCCPs was detected in Hanoi. A decrease of SCCP concentration and an increase of MCCPs’ were found in Brisbane’s air from 2016 to 2018, while increasing trends for both SCCPs and MCCPs were observed in Dalian. These results indicated impacts from different sources of CPs in the investigated cities.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)21061-21070
Number of pages10
JournalEnvironmental Science and Technology
Volume57
Issue number50
Early online date8 Nov 2023
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 19 Dec 2023

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 American Chemical Society.

Funding

The authors sincerely thank all the participants who helped with the sample collection, particularly Prof Qingbo Li and team from College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, China. The authors also thank Miss Ruby Yeh for her assistance on the sample preparation and Dr. Hui Jiang for the instrumental analyses. Dr. Chang He received an AXA fellowship. Dr. Bertrand L. acknowledges the grant from the Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Técnica (FONCyT/PICT-2017-0485) and Endeavour Research Fellowship from the Australian Government. Professor Jochen Mueller was funded by an Australian Research Council (ARC) Laureate Fellowship. Dr. Xianyu Wang was funded by an ARC Discovery Early Career Researcher Award, the Minderoo Foundation, and National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC).

FundersFunder number
Australian Government
Australian Research Council
National Health and Medical Research Council
Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y TecnológicaFONCyT/PICT-2017-0485
Dalian Maritime University
Minderoo Foundation

    Keywords

    • atmosphere
    • chlorinated paraffins
    • flame retardants
    • polyurethane foam
    • sampling rate

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