Abstract
Objective: Examine care integration—efforts to unify disparate parts of health care organizations to generate synergy across activities occurring within and between them—to understand whether and at which organizational level health systems impact care quality and staff experience. Data Sources: Surveys administered to one practice manager (56/59) and up to 26 staff (828/1360) in 59 practice sites within 24 physician organizations within 17 health systems in four states (2017-2019). Study Design: We developed manager and staff surveys to collect data on organizational, social, and clinical process integration, at four organizational levels: practice site, physician organization, health system, and outside health systems. We analyzed data using descriptive statistics and regression. Principal Findings: Managers and staff perceived opportunity for improvement across most types of care integration and organizational levels. Managers/staff perceived little variation in care integration across health systems. They perceived better care integration within practice sites than within physician organizations, health systems, and outside health systems—up to 38 percentage points (pp) lower (P <.001) outside health systems compared to within practice sites. Of nine clinical process integration measures, one standard deviation (SD) (7.2-pp) increase in use of evidence-based care related to 6.4-pp and 8.9-pp increases in perceived quality of care by practice sites and health systems, respectively, and a 4.5-pp increase in staff job satisfaction; one SD (9.7-pp) increase in integration of social services and community resources related to a 7.0-pp increase in perceived quality of care by health systems; one SD (6.9-pp) increase in patient engagement related to a 6.4-pp increase in job satisfaction and a 4.6-pp decrease in burnout; and one SD (10.6-pp) increase in integration of diabetic eye examinations related to a 5.5-pp increase in job satisfaction (all P <.05). Conclusions: Measures of clinical process integration related to higher staff ratings of quality and experience. Action is needed to improve care integration within and outside health systems.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1033-1048 |
| Number of pages | 16 |
| Journal | Health Services Research |
| Volume | 55 |
| Issue number | S3 |
| Early online date | 7 Dec 2020 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Dec 2020 |
Funding
: The authors would like to thank Dr Mark Friedberg for his assistance in the development of the surveys used in this study, colleagues within the RAND Center of Excellence on Health System Performance for their assistance with subject recruitment and feedback on this study, and the physician organization and practice site managers who assisted with our data collection. This work was supported through the RAND Center of Excellence on Health System Performance, which is funded through a cooperative agreement (1U19HS024067‐01) between the RAND Corporation and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The content and opinions expressed in this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not reflect the official position of the Agency or the US Department of Health and Human Services. The authors report no conflicts of interest. Joint Acknowledgment/Disclosure Statement
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| US Department of Health and Human Services | |
| National Institutes of Health | U19HS024067 |
| Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality |
Keywords
- health care organizations and systems
- integrated delivery systems
- quality of care/patient safety (measurement)
- survey research and questionnaire design
