@article{1a99eb7ed57b42889bfeabff7408950a,
title = "Centrality determination in heavy-ion collisions with the LHCb detector",
abstract = "The centrality of heavy-ion collisions is directly related to the created medium in these interactions. A procedure to determine the centrality of collisions with the LHCb detector is implemented for lead-lead collisions at √s NN = 5 TeV and lead-neon fixed-target collisions at √s NN = 69 GeV. The energy deposits in the electromagnetic calorimeter are used to determine and define the centrality classes. The correspondence between the number of participants and the centrality for the lead-lead collisions is in good agreement with the correspondence found in other experiments, and the centrality measurements for the lead-neon collisions presented here are performed for the first time in fixed-target collisions at the LHC.",
keywords = "Pattern recognition, cluster finding, calibration and fitting methods, Performance of High Energy Physics Detectors, Simulation methods and programs",
author = "R. Aaij and Beteta, \{C. Abell{\'a}n\} and T. Ackernley and B. Adeva and M. Adinolfi and H. Afsharnia and Aidala, \{C. A.\} and S. Aiola and Z. Ajaltouni and S. Akar and J. Albrecht and F. Alessio and M. Alexander and Albero, \{A. Alfonso\} and Z. Aliouche and G. Alkhazov and Cartelle, \{P. Alvarez\} and S. Amato and Y. Amhis and L. An and L. Anderlini and A. Andreianov and M. Andreotti and F. Archilli and A. Artamonov and M. Artuso and K. Arzymatov and E. Aslanides and M. Atzeni and B. Audurier and S. Bachmann and M. Bachmayer and Back, \{J. J.\} and S. Baker and Rodriguez, \{P. Baladron\} and V. Balagura and W. Baldini and Leite, \{J. Baptista\} and Barlow, \{R. J.\} and S. Barsuk and W. Barter and M. Bartolini and F. Baryshnikov and Basels, \{J. M.\} and G. Bassi and Varvara Batozskaya and B. Batsukh and A. Battig and A. Bay and M. Becker and F. Bedeschi and I. Bediaga and A. Beiter and V. Belavin and S. Belin and V. Bellee and K. Belous and I. Belov and I. Belyaev and G. Bencivenni and E. Ben-Haim and A. Berezhnoy and R. Bernet and D. Berninghoff and Bernstein, \{H. C.\} and C. Bertella and E. Bertholet and A. Bertolin and C. Betancourt and F. Betti and Bettler, \{M. O.\} and Ia Bezshyiko and S. Bhasin and J. Bhom and L. Bian and Bieker, \{M. S.\} and S. Bifani and P. Billoir and M. Birch and Bishop, \{F. C.R.\} and A. Bizzeti and M. Bj{\o}rn and Blago, \{M. P.\} and T. Blake and F. Blanc and S. Blusk and D. Bobulska and Boelhauve, \{J. A.\} and Garcia, \{O. Boente\} and T. Boettcher and A. Boldyrev and A. Bondar and N. Bondar and S. Borghi and M. Borisyak and M. Borsato and Borsuk, \{J. T.\} and Bouchiba, \{S. A.\} and Bowcock, \{T. J.V.\} and A. Boyer and C. Bozzi and Bradley, \{M. J.\} and S. Braun and Rodriguez, \{A. Brea\} and M. Brodski and J. Brodzicka and Gonzalo, \{A. Brossa\} and D. Brundu and A. Buonaura and C. Burr and A. Bursche and A. Butkevich and Butter, \{J. S.\} and J. Buytaert and W. Byczynski and S. Cadeddu and H. Cai and R. Calabrese and L. Calefice and Diaz, \{L. Calero\} and S. Cali and R. Calladine and M. Calvi and Gomez, \{M. Calvo\} and Magalhaes, \{P. Camargo\} and A. Camboni and P. Campana and \{Campora Perez\}, \{D. H.\} and \{Campoverde Quezada\}, \{A. F.\} and S. Capelli and L. Capriotti and A. Carbone and G. Carboni and R. Cardinale and A. Cardini and I. Carli and P. Carniti and L. Carus and \{Carvalho Akiba\}, K. and \{Casais Vidal\}, A. and G. Casse and M. Cattaneo and G. Cavallero and S. Celani and J. Cerasoli and Chadwick, \{A. J.\} and Chapman, \{M. G.\} and M. Charles and Ph Charpentier and G. Chatzikonstantinidis and \{Chavez Barajas\}, \{C. A.\} and M. Chefdeville and C. Chen and S. Chen and A. Chernov and Chitic, \{S. G.\} and V. Chobanova and S. Cholak and M. Chrzaszcz and A. Chubykin and V. Chulikov and P. Ciambrone and Cicala, \{M. F.\} and \{Cid Vidal\}, X. and G. Ciezarek and Clarke, \{P. E.L.\} and M. Clemencic and Cliff, \{H. V.\} and J. Closier and Cobbledick, \{J. L.\} and V. Coco and Coelho, \{J. A.B.\} and J. Cogan and E. Cogneras and L. Cojocariu and P. Collins and T. Colombo and L. Congedo and A. Contu and N. Cooke and G. Coombs and G. Corti and \{Costa Sobral\}, \{C. M.\} and B. Couturier and Craik, \{D. C.\} and J. Crkovsk{\'a} and \{Cruz Torres\}, M. and R. Currie and \{Da Silva\}, \{C. L.\} and E. Dall'Occo and J. Dalseno and C. D'Ambrosio and A. Danilina and P. D'Argent and A. Davis and \{De Aguiar Francisco\}, O. and \{De Bruyn\}, K. and \{De Capua\}, S. and \{De Cian\}, M. and \{De Miranda\}, \{J. M.\} and \{De Paula\}, L. and \{De Serio\}, M. and \{De Simone\}, D. and \{De Simone\}, P. and \{De Vries\}, \{J. A.\} and Dean, \{C. T.\} and W. Dean and D. Decamp and \{Del Buono\}, L. and B. Delaney and Dembinski, \{H. P.\} and A. Dendek and V. Denysenko and D. Derkach and O. Deschamps and F. Desse and F. Dettori and B. Dey and \{Di Nezza\}, P. and S. Didenko and \{Dieste Maronas\}, L. and H. Dijkstra and V. Dobishuk and Donohoe, \{A. M.\} and F. Dordei and \{Dos Reis\}, \{A. C.\} and L. Douglas and A. Dovbnya and Downes, \{A. G.\} and K. Dreimanis and Dudek, \{M. W.\} and L. Dufour and V. Duk and P. Durante and Durham, \{J. M.\} and D. Dutta and M. Dziewiecki and A. Dziurda and A. Dzyuba and S. Easo and U. Egede and V. Egorychev and S. Eidelman and S. Eisenhardt and S. Ek-In and L. Eklund and S. Ely and A. Ene and E. Epple and S. Escher and J. Eschle and S. Esen and T. Evans and A. Falabella and J. Fan and Y. Fan and B. Fang and N. Farley and S. Farry and D. Fazzini and P. Fedin and M. F{\'e}o and \{Fernandez Declara\}, P. and \{Fernandez Prieto\}, A. and \{Fernandez-Tenllado Arribas\}, \{J. M.\} and F. Ferrari and \{Ferreira Lopes\}, L. and \{Ferreira Rodrigues\}, F. and \{Ferreres Sole\}, S. and M. Ferrillo and M. Ferro-Luzzi and S. Filippov and Fini, \{R. A.\} and M. Fiorini and M. Firlej and Fischer, \{K. M.\} and C. Fitzpatrick and T. Fiutowski and F. Fleuret and M. Fontana and F. Fontanelli and R. 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Gorbounov and Gorelov, \{I. V.\} and C. Gotti and E. Govorkova and Grabowski, \{J. P.\} and \{Graciani Diaz\}, R. and T. Grammatico and \{Granado Cardoso\}, \{L. A.\} and E. Graug{\'e}s and E. Graverini and G. Graziani and A. Grecu and Greeven, \{L. M.\} and P. Griffith and L. Grillo and S. Gromov and \{Gruberg Cazon\}, \{B. R.\} and C. Gu and M. Guarise and G{\"u}nther, \{P. A.\} and E. Gushchin and A. Guth and Y. Guz and T. Gys and T. Hadavizadeh and G. Haefeli and C. Haen and J. Haimberger and T. Halewood-Leagas and Hamilton, \{P. M.\} and Q. Han and X. Han and Hancock, \{T. H.\} and S. Hansmann-Menzemer and N. Harnew and T. Harrison and C. Hasse and M. Hatch and J. He and M. Hecker and K. Heijhoff and K. Heinicke and Hennequin, \{A. M.\} and K. Hennessy and L. Henry and J. Heuel and A. Hicheur and D. Hill and M. Hilton and Hollitt, \{S. E.\} and J. Hu and W. Hu and W. Huang and X. Huang and W. Hulsbergen and Hunter, \{R. J.\} and M. Hushchyn and D. Hutchcroft and D. Hynds and P. Ibis and M. Idzik and D. Ilin and P. Ilten and A. Inglessi and A. Ishteev and K. Ivshin and R. Jacobsson and S. Jakobsen and E. Jans and Jashal, \{B. K.\} and A. Jawahery and V. Jevtic and M. Jezabek and F. Jiang and M. John and D. Johnson and Jones, \{C. R.\} and Jones, \{T. P.\} and B. Jost and N. Jurik and S. Kandybei and Y. Kang and M. Karacson and M. Karpov and N. Kazeev and F. Keizer and M. Kenzie and T. Ketel and B. Khanji and A. Kharisova and S. Kholodenko and Kim, \{K. E.\} and T. Kirn and Kirsebom, \{V. S.\} and O. Kitouni and S. Klaver and K. Klimaszewski and S. Koliiev and A. Kondybayeva and A. Konoplyannikov and P. Kopciewicz and R. Kopecna and P. Koppenburg and M. Korolev and I. Kostiuk and O. Kot and S. Kotriakhova and P. Kravchenko and L. Kravchuk and Krawczyk, \{R. D.\} and M. Kreps and F. Kress and Sophie Kretzschmar and P. Krokovny and W. Krupa and W. Krzemien and W. Kucewicz and M. Kucharczyk and V. Kudryavtsev and Kuindersma, \{H. S.\} and Kunde, \{G. J.\} and T. 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Maevskiy and D. Maisuzenko and Majewski, \{M. W.\} and Malczewski, \{J. J.\} and S. Malde and B. Malecki and A. Malinin and T. Maltsev and H. Malygina and G. Manca and G. Mancinelli and \{Manera Escalero\}, R. and D. Manuzzi and D. Marangotto and J. Maratas and Marchand, \{J. F.\} and U. Marconi and S. Mariani and \{Marin Benito\}, C. and M. Marinangeli and P. Marino and J. Marks and Marshall, \{P. J.\} and G. Martellotti and L. Martinazzoli and M. Martinelli and \{Martinez Santos\}, D. and \{Martinez Vidal\}, F. and A. Massafferri and M. Materok and R. Matev and A. Mathad and Z. Mathe and V. Matiunin and C. Matteuzzi and Mattioli, \{K. R.\} and A. Mauri and E. Maurice and J. Mauricio and M. Mazurek and M. McCann and L. Mcconnell and Mcgrath, \{T. H.\} and A. McNab and R. McNulty and Mead, \{J. V.\} and B. Meadows and C. Meaux and G. Meier and N. Meinert and D. Melnychuk and S. Meloni and M. Merk and A. Merli and \{Meyer Garcia\}, L. and M. Mikhasenko and Milanes, \{D. A.\} and E. Millard and M. Milovanovic and Minard, \{M. N.\} and L. Minzoni and Mitchell, \{S. E.\} and B. Mitreska and Mitzel, \{D. S.\} and A. M{\"o}dden and Mohammed, \{R. A.\} and Moise, \{R. D.\} and T. Momb{\"a}cher and Monroy, \{I. A.\} and S. Monteil and M. Morandin and G. Morello and Morello, \{M. J.\} and J. Moron and Morris, \{A. B.\} and Morris, \{A. G.\} and R. Mountain and H. Mu and F. Muheim and M. Mukherjee and M. Mulder and D. M{\"u}ller and K. M{\"u}ller and Murphy, \{C. H.\} and D. Murray and P. Muzzetto and P. Naik and T. Nakada and R. Nandakumar and T. Nanut and I. Nasteva and M. Needham and I. Neri and N. Neri and S. Neubert and N. Neufeld and R. Newcombe and Nguyen, \{T. D.\} and C. Nguyen-Mau and Niel, \{E. M.\} and S. Nieswand and N. Nikitin and Nolte, \{N. S.\} and C. Nunez and A. Oblakowska-Mucha and V. Obraztsov and O'Hanlon, \{D. P.\} and R. Oldeman and Olivares, \{M. E.\} and Onderwater, \{C. J.G.\} and A. Ossowska and \{Otalora Goicochea\}, \{J. M.\} and T. 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Santimaria and E. Santovetti and D. Saranin and G. Sarpis and M. Sarpis and A. Sarti and C. Satriano and A. Satta and M. Saur and D. Savrina and H. Sazak and \{Scantlebury Smead\}, \{L. G.\} and S. Schael and M. Schellenberg and M. Schiller and H. Schindler and M. Schmelling and T. Schmelzer and B. Schmidt and O. Schneider and A. Schopper and M. Schubiger and S. Schulte and Schune, \{M. H.\} and R. Schwemmer and B. Sciascia and A. Sciubba and S. Sellam and A. Semennikov and \{Senghi Soares\}, M. and A. Sergi and N. Serra and L. Sestini and A. Seuthe and P. Seyfert and Shangase, \{D. M.\} and M. Shapkin and I. Shchemerov and L. Shchutska and T. Shears and L. Shekhtman and Z. Shen and V. Shevchenko and Shields, \{E. B.\} and E. Shmanin and Shupperd, \{J. D.\} and Siddi, \{B. G.\} and \{Silva Coutinho\}, R. and G. Simi and S. Simone and I. Skiba and N. Skidmore and T. Skwarnicki and Slater, \{M. W.\} and Smallwood, \{J. C.\} and Smeaton, \{J. G.\} and A. Smetkina and E. Smith and M. Smith and A. Snoch and M. Soares and \{Soares Lavra\}, L. and Sokoloff, \{M. D.\} and Soler, \{F. J.P.\} and A. Solovev and I. Solovyev and \{Souza De Almeida\}, \{F. L.\} and \{De Paula\}, \{B. Souza\} and B. Spaan and \{Spadaro Norella\}, E. and P. Spradlin and F. Stagni and M. Stahl and S. Stahl and P. Stefko and O. Steinkamp and S. Stemmle and O. Stenyakin and H. Stevens and S. Stone and Stramaglia, \{M. E.\} and M. Straticiuc and D. Strekalina and S. Strokov and F. Suljik and J. Sun and L. Sun and Y. Sun and P. Svihra and Swallow, \{P. N.\} and K. Swientek and A. Szabelski and T. Szumlak and M. Szymanski and S. Taneja and F. Teubert and E. Thomas and Thomson, \{K. A.\} and Tilley, \{M. J.\} and V. Tisserand and S. T'Jampens and M. Tobin and S. Tolk and L. Tomassetti and \{Torres Machado\}, D. and Tou, \{D. Y.\} and M. Traill and Tran, \{M. T.\} and E. Trifonova and C. Trippl and G. Tuci and A. Tully and N. Tuning and A. Ukleja and Unverzagt, \{D. J.\} and E. Ursov and A. Usachov and A. Ustyuzhanin and U. Uwer and A. Vagner and V. Vagnoni and A. Valassi and G. Valenti and \{Valls Canudas\}, N. and \{Van Beuzekom\}, M. and \{Van Dijk\}, M. and \{Van Hecke\}, H. and \{Van Herwijnen\}, E. and \{Van Hulse\}, \{C. B.\} and \{Van Veghel\}, M. and \{Vazquez Gomez\}, R. and \{Vazquez Regueiro\}, P. and \{V{\'a}zquez Sierra\}, C. and S. Vecchi and Velthuis, \{J. J.\} and M. Veltri and A. Venkateswaran and M. Veronesi and M. Vesterinen and D. Vieira and \{Vieites Diaz\}, M. and H. Viemann and X. Vilasis-Cardona and \{Vilella Figueras\}, E. and P. Vincent and G. Vitali and A. Vollhardt and \{Vom Bruch\}, D. and A. Vorobyev and V. Vorobyev and N. Voropaev and R. Waldi and J. Walsh and C. Wang and J. Wang and M. Wang and R. Wang and Y. Wang and Z. Wang and Wark, \{H. M.\} and Watson, \{N. K.\} and Weber, \{S. G.\} and D. Websdale and C. Weisser and Westhenry, \{B. D.C.\} and White, \{D. J.\} and M. Whitehead and D. Wiedner and G. Wilkinson and M. Wilkinson and I. Williams and M. Williams and Williams, \{M. R.J.\} and Wilson, \{F. F.\} and W. Wislicki and M. Witek and L. Witola and Wotton, \{S. A.\} and Wotton, \{S. A.\} and H. Wu and K. Wyllie and Z. Xiang and D. Xiao and Y. Xie and A. Xu and J. Xu and L. Xu and M. Xu and Q. Xu and Z. Xu and D. Yang and Y. Yang and Z. Yang and Y. Yao and Yeomans, \{L. E.\} and H. Yin and J. Yu and X. Yuan and O. Yushchenko and E. Zaffaroni and Zarebski, \{K. A.\} and M. Zavertyaev and M. Zdybal and O. Zenaiev and M. Zeng and D. Zhang and L. Zhang and S. Zhang and Y. Zhang and A. Zhelezov and Y. Zheng and X. Zhou and Y. Zhou and X. Zhu and V. Zhukov and Zonneveld, \{J. B.\} and S. Zucchelli and D. Zuliani and G. Zunica and \{LHCb Collaboration\}",
note = "Funding Information: We express our gratitude to our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC. We thank the technical and administrative staff at the LHCb institutes. We acknowledge support from CERN and from the national agencies: CAPES, CNPq, FAPERJ and FINEP (Brazil); MOST and NSFC (China); CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG and MPG (Germany); INFN (Italy); NWO (Netherlands); MNiSW and NCN (Poland); MEN/IFA (Romania); MSHE (Russia); MICINN (Spain); SNSF and SER (Switzerland); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE NP and NSF (U.S.A.). We acknowledge the computing resources that are provided by CERN, IN2P3 (France), KIT and DESY (Germany), INFN (Italy), SURF (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), GridPP (United Kingdom), RRCKI and Yandex LLC (Russia), CSCS (Switzerland), IFINHH (Romania), CBPF (Brazil), PL-GRID (Poland) and NERSC (U.S.A.). We are indebted to the communities behind the multiple open-source software packages on which we depend. Individual groups or members have received support from ARC and ARDC (Australia); AvH Foundation (Germany); EPLANET, Marie Sk odowska-Curie Actions and ERC (European Union); A∗MIDEX, ANR, IPhU and Labex P2IO, and R{\'e}gion Auvergne-Rh{\^o}ne-Alpes (France); Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of CAS, CAS PIFI, CAS CCEPP, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and Sci. \& Tech. Program of Guangzhou (China); RFBR, RSF and Yandex LLC (Russia); GVA, XuntaGal and GENCAT (Spain); the Leverhulme Trust, the Royal Society and UKRI (United Kingdom). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 CERN for the benefit of the LHCb collaboration.",
year = "2022",
month = may,
doi = "10.1088/1748-0221/17/05/P05009",
language = "English",
volume = "17",
pages = "1--32",
journal = "Journal of Instrumentation",
issn = "1748-0221",
publisher = "Institute of Physics",
number = "5",
}
SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy