Changes in body composition during and after inpatient rehabilitation in people with recent spinal cord injury

Study design: Prospective cohort study. Objectives: To investigate changes in body composition parameters in people with recent spinal cord injury (SCI) during their first inpatient rehabilitation and up to 1 year after discharge and whether those potential changes over time varied between different personal and lesion characteristics groups. Setting: Rehabilitation center, the Netherlands. Methods: People with recent SCI (≥18 years; n = 53) were tested around admission (T0) and discharge (T1) of inpatient rehabilitation. A sub-group (n = 19) was measured 1 year after discharge (T2). Personal and lesion characteristics were registered at T0. Anthropometry (height, body mass, body mass index, and waist circumference) was performed at T0, T1, and T2. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was measured at T0 and T1. Results: During inpatient rehabilitation, no significant changes in all body composition parameters were found. During the first year after discharge, body mass index (26.8 kg/m²) significantly increased compared with the level at both admission (25.4 kg/m²; p = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.32–2.52) and discharge (25.1 kg/m²; p = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.26–3.00). People with paraplegia showed an increase in absolute waist circumference (6.5%) compared with people with tetraplegia who showed a net decrease (−5.5%) in the year after discharge (p = 0.047, 95% CI: 0.27–33.62). Conclusions: A stable body composition during inpatient rehabilitation is followed by an increased BMI in the year after discharge in people with recent SCI. People with paraplegia showed an increase in absolute waist circumference compared with people with tetraplegia who showed a net decrease in the year after discharge.