Abstract
The automobile industry is faced with societal and market pressures to develop radically innovative cars for the future. The development of the autonomous vehicle (AV) is a strategic innovation in this area. This paper studies whether and how AV-innovation strategies at Tesla, BMW and Toyota are developed by using an open and/or closed innovation paradigm. More than ever, it appears that R&D departments of car manufacturers employ a combination of a closed and an open innovation strategy. In order to nurture their AV innovation strategy, they strategically decide which innovations to adopt from outside, and which parts of the R&D process to keep in-house. This paper presents and discusses the combined closed-open AV-innovation strategies used by three dominant car producers. It provides an insight in how they aim to gain a first-to-market position and sustainable competitive advantage in a new market segment of a highly saturated market.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 74-103 |
| Number of pages | 30 |
| Journal | International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management |
| Volume | 19 |
| Issue number | 1-2 |
| Early online date | 27 Mar 2019 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2019 |
Keywords
- Automotive industry
- Autonomous vehicles
- AV
- Open innovation
- R&D management
