Complexity revealed in the greening of the Arctic

Isla H. Myers-Smith; Jeffrey T. Kerby; Gareth K. Phoenix; Jarle W. Bjerke; Howard E. Epstein; Jakob J. Assmann; Christian John; Laia Andreu-Hayles; Sandra Angers-Blondin; Pieter S.A. Beck; Logan T. Berner; Uma S. Bhatt; Anne D. Bjorkman; Daan Blok; Anders Bryn; Casper T. Christiansen; J. Hans C. Cornelissen; Andrew M. Cunliffe; Sarah C. Elmendorf; Bruce C. Forbes; Scott J. Goetz; Robert D. Hollister; Rogier de Jong; Michael M. Loranty; Marc Macias-Fauria; Kadmiel Maseyk; Signe Normand; Johan Olofsson; Thomas C. Parker; Frans Jan W. Parmentier; Eric Post; Gabriela Schaepman-Strub; Frode Stordal; Patrick F. Sullivan; Haydn J.D. Thomas; Hans Tømmervik; Rachael Treharne; Craig E. Tweedie; Donald A. Walker; Martin Wilmking; Sonja Wipf

doi:10.1038/s41558-019-0688-1

Complexity revealed in the greening of the Arctic

Isla H. Myers-Smith^*, Jeffrey T. Kerby, Gareth K. Phoenix, Jarle W. Bjerke, Howard E. Epstein, Jakob J. Assmann, Christian John, Laia Andreu-Hayles, Sandra Angers-Blondin, Pieter S.A. Beck, Logan T. Berner, Uma S. Bhatt, Anne D. Bjorkman, Daan Blok, Anders Bryn, Casper T. Christiansen, J. Hans C. Cornelissen, Andrew M. Cunliffe, Sarah C. Elmendorf, Bruce C. ForbesScott J. Goetz, Robert D. Hollister, Rogier de Jong, Michael M. Loranty, Marc Macias-Fauria, Kadmiel Maseyk, Signe Normand, Johan Olofsson, Thomas C. Parker, Frans Jan W. Parmentier, Eric Post, Gabriela Schaepman-Strub, Frode Stordal, Patrick F. Sullivan, Haydn J.D. Thomas, Hans Tømmervik, Rachael Treharne, Craig E. Tweedie, Donald A. Walker, Martin Wilmking, Sonja Wipf

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Review article › Academic › peer-review

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Abstract

As the Arctic warms, vegetation is responding, and satellite measures indicate widespread greening at high latitudes. This ‘greening of the Arctic’ is among the world’s most important large-scale ecological responses to global climate change. However, a consensus is emerging that the underlying causes and future dynamics of so-called Arctic greening and browning trends are more complex, variable and inherently scale-dependent than previously thought. Here we summarize the complexities of observing and interpreting high-latitude greening to identify priorities for future research. Incorporating satellite and proximal remote sensing with in-situ data, while accounting for uncertainties and scale issues, will advance the study of past, present and future Arctic vegetation change.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	106-117
Number of pages	12
Journal	Nature Climate Change
Volume	10
Issue number	2
Early online date	31 Jan 2020
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0688-1
Publication status	Published - Feb 2020

Funding

We thank the Inuvialuit and Greenlandic People for the opportunity to conduct field research on their land. Data collection on Qikiqtaruk–Herschel Island was funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) NE/M016323/1 (to I.H.M.-S.) and a National Geographic Society grant CP-061R-17 and a Parrot Climate Innovation Grant (to J.T.K.). Data collection at Kangerlussuaq, Greenland was supported by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) grants 0724711, 0713994, 0732168, 0902125, 1107381, 1525636, 1748052 and the National Geographic Society (to E.P.), as well as an Arctic Institute of North America Grant-in-Aid (to C.J.). The sTundra working group was supported by sDiv, the Synthesis Centre of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig (DFG FZT 118). The Event Drivers of Arctic Browning workshop was funded by P3-Plant Production and Protection (http://p3.sheffield.ac.uk/). Several members of the team are supported by the NASA ABoVE program (https://above.nasa.gov/). Additional funding was provided by the Research Council of Norway grant 287402 (to J.W.B. and H.T.) and 294948 (to F.S., J.W.B., A.B., H.T. and F.-J.W.P.), the NERC doctoral training partnership grant NE/L002558/1 (to J.J.A. and H.J.D.T.), the US NSF grants OPP-15-04134, AGS-15-02150 and OPP-16-03473 (to L.A.-H.), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canadian Centennial Scholarship Fund (to S.A.-B.), the Academy of Finland decision 256991 and JPI Climate 291581 (to B.C.F.), the NASA ABoVE grants NNX17AE44G and NNX17AE13G (to S.J.G. and L.T.B.), NSF grants PLR-0632263, PLR-0856516, PLR-1432277, PLR-1504224, PLR-1836839 (to R.D.H.), the US NSF grant PLR-1417745 (to M.M.L.), an NERC IRF NE/L011859/1 (to M.M.-F.), Independent Research Fund Denmark 7027-00133B and Villum Fonden VKR023456 (to S.N.), the Norwegian Research Council grants 230970 and 274711 and the Swedish Research Council registration 2017-05268 (to F.-J.W.P.), University of Zurich Research Priority Program on Global Change and Biodiversity (to G.S.-S.) and the US NSF grants OPP-1108425 and PLR-1108425 (to P.F.S.).

Funders	Funder number
Independent Research Fund Denmark 7027-00133B and Villum Fonden	VKR023456
P3-Plant Production and Protection
Synthesis Centre of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig
UK Natural Environment Research Council
US National Science Foundation
National Science Foundation	0724711, 1748052, 0902125, 0732168, 1107381, 1525636, 0713994
National Aeronautics and Space Administration	PLR-1432277, PLR-1504224, NNX17AE13G, PLR-1836839, NNX17AE44G, PLR-1417745, IRF NE/L011859/1, PLR-0856516, PLR-0632263
National Geographic Society	CP-061R-17
Parrotia-Stiftung
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Natural Environment Research Council	NE/M016323/1
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft	FZT 118
Academy of Finland	256991, 291581
Vetenskapsrådet
Norges forskningsråd	230970, 287402, NE/L002558/1, OPP-16-03473, AGS-15-02150, 274711, OPP-15-04134, 294948
Universität Zürich	OPP-1108425, PLR-1108425

UN SDGs

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10.1038/s41558-019-0688-1

Complexity revealed in the greening of the ArcticFinal published version, 2.78 MBLicence: Article 25fa Dutch Copyright Act

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Myers-Smith, I. H., Kerby, J. T., Phoenix, G. K., Bjerke, J. W., Epstein, H. E., Assmann, J. J., John, C., Andreu-Hayles, L., Angers-Blondin, S., Beck, P. S. A., Berner, L. T., Bhatt, U. S., Bjorkman, A. D., Blok, D., Bryn, A., Christiansen, C. T., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Cunliffe, A. M., Elmendorf, S. C., ... Wipf, S. (2020). Complexity revealed in the greening of the Arctic. Nature Climate Change, 10(2), 106-117. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0688-1

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title = "Complexity revealed in the greening of the Arctic",

abstract = "As the Arctic warms, vegetation is responding, and satellite measures indicate widespread greening at high latitudes. This {\textquoteleft}greening of the Arctic{\textquoteright} is among the world{\textquoteright}s most important large-scale ecological responses to global climate change. However, a consensus is emerging that the underlying causes and future dynamics of so-called Arctic greening and browning trends are more complex, variable and inherently scale-dependent than previously thought. Here we summarize the complexities of observing and interpreting high-latitude greening to identify priorities for future research. Incorporating satellite and proximal remote sensing with in-situ data, while accounting for uncertainties and scale issues, will advance the study of past, present and future Arctic vegetation change.",

author = "Myers-Smith, {Isla H.} and Kerby, {Jeffrey T.} and Phoenix, {Gareth K.} and Bjerke, {Jarle W.} and Epstein, {Howard E.} and Assmann, {Jakob J.} and Christian John and Laia Andreu-Hayles and Sandra Angers-Blondin and Beck, {Pieter S.A.} and Berner, {Logan T.} and Bhatt, {Uma S.} and Bjorkman, {Anne D.} and Daan Blok and Anders Bryn and Christiansen, {Casper T.} and Cornelissen, {J. Hans C.} and Cunliffe, {Andrew M.} and Elmendorf, {Sarah C.} and Forbes, {Bruce C.} and Goetz, {Scott J.} and Hollister, {Robert D.} and {de Jong}, Rogier and Loranty, {Michael M.} and Marc Macias-Fauria and Kadmiel Maseyk and Signe Normand and Johan Olofsson and Parker, {Thomas C.} and Parmentier, {Frans Jan W.} and Eric Post and Gabriela Schaepman-Strub and Frode Stordal and Sullivan, {Patrick F.} and Thomas, {Haydn J.D.} and Hans T{\o}mmervik and Rachael Treharne and Tweedie, {Craig E.} and Walker, {Donald A.} and Martin Wilmking and Sonja Wipf",

year = "2020",

month = feb,

doi = "10.1038/s41558-019-0688-1",

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Myers-Smith, IH, Kerby, JT, Phoenix, GK, Bjerke, JW, Epstein, HE, Assmann, JJ, John, C, Andreu-Hayles, L, Angers-Blondin, S, Beck, PSA, Berner, LT, Bhatt, US, Bjorkman, AD, Blok, D, Bryn, A, Christiansen, CT, Cornelissen, JHC, Cunliffe, AM, Elmendorf, SC, Forbes, BC, Goetz, SJ, Hollister, RD, de Jong, R, Loranty, MM, Macias-Fauria, M, Maseyk, K, Normand, S, Olofsson, J, Parker, TC, Parmentier, FJW, Post, E, Schaepman-Strub, G, Stordal, F, Sullivan, PF, Thomas, HJD, Tømmervik, H, Treharne, R, Tweedie, CE, Walker, DA, Wilmking, M & Wipf, S 2020, 'Complexity revealed in the greening of the Arctic', Nature Climate Change, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 106-117. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0688-1

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AU - Myers-Smith, Isla H.

AU - Kerby, Jeffrey T.

AU - Phoenix, Gareth K.

AU - Bjerke, Jarle W.

AU - Epstein, Howard E.

AU - Assmann, Jakob J.

AU - John, Christian

AU - Andreu-Hayles, Laia

AU - Angers-Blondin, Sandra

AU - Beck, Pieter S.A.

AU - Berner, Logan T.

AU - Bhatt, Uma S.

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AU - Blok, Daan

AU - Bryn, Anders

AU - Christiansen, Casper T.

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AU - Forbes, Bruce C.

AU - Goetz, Scott J.

AU - Hollister, Robert D.

AU - de Jong, Rogier

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AU - Macias-Fauria, Marc

AU - Maseyk, Kadmiel

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AU - Olofsson, Johan

AU - Parker, Thomas C.

AU - Parmentier, Frans Jan W.

AU - Post, Eric

AU - Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela

AU - Stordal, Frode

AU - Sullivan, Patrick F.

AU - Thomas, Haydn J.D.

AU - Tømmervik, Hans

AU - Treharne, Rachael

AU - Tweedie, Craig E.

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AB - As the Arctic warms, vegetation is responding, and satellite measures indicate widespread greening at high latitudes. This ‘greening of the Arctic’ is among the world’s most important large-scale ecological responses to global climate change. However, a consensus is emerging that the underlying causes and future dynamics of so-called Arctic greening and browning trends are more complex, variable and inherently scale-dependent than previously thought. Here we summarize the complexities of observing and interpreting high-latitude greening to identify priorities for future research. Incorporating satellite and proximal remote sensing with in-situ data, while accounting for uncertainties and scale issues, will advance the study of past, present and future Arctic vegetation change.

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Complexity revealed in the greening of the Arctic

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