Compositional response of Amazon forests to climate change

Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert; Timothy R. Baker; Kyle G. Dexter; Simon L. Lewis; Roel J. W. Brienen; Ted R. Feldpausch; Jon Lloyd; Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza; Luzmila Arroyo; Esteban Alvarez-Davila; Niro Higuchi; Beatriz S. Marimon; Ben Hur Marimon-Junior; Marcos Silveira; Emilio Vilanova; Emanuel Gloor; Yadvinder Malhi; Jerome Chave; Jos Barlow; Damien Bonal; Nallaret Davila Cardozo; Terry Erwin; Sophie Fauset; Bruno Herault; Susan Laurance; Lourens Poorter; Lan Qie; Clement Stahl; Martin J. P. Sullivan; Hans ter Steege; Vincent Antoine Vos; Pieter A. Zuidema; Everton Almeida; Edmar Almeida de Oliveira; Ana Andrade; Simone Aparecida Vieira; Luiz Aragao; Alejandro Araujo-Murakami; Eric Arets; Gerardo A. Aymard C; Christopher Baraloto; Plinio Barbosa Camargo; Jorcely G. Barroso; Frans Bongers; Rene Boot; Jose Luis Camargo; Wendeson Castro; Victor Chama Moscoso; James Comiskey; Fernando Cornejo Valverde; Antonio Carlos Lola da Costa; Jhon del Aguila Pasquel; Anthony Di Fiore; Luisa Fernanda Duque; Fernando Elias; Julien Engel; Gerardo Flores Llampazo; David Galbraith; Rafael Herrera Fernandez; Euridice Honorio Coronado; Wannes Hubau; Eliana Jimenez-Rojas; Adriano Jose Nogueira Lima; Ricardo Keichi Umetsu; William Laurance; Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez; Thomas Lovejoy; Omar Aurelio Melo Cruz; Paulo S. Morandi; David Neill; Percy Nunez Vargas; Nadir C. Pallqui Camacho; Alexander Parada Gutierrez; Guido Pardo; Julie Peacock; Marielos Pena-Claros; Maria Cristina Penuela-Mora; Pascal Petronelli; Georgia C. Pickavance; Nigel Pitman; Adriana Prieto; Carlos Quesada; Hirma Ramirez-Angulo; Maxime Rejou-Mechain; Zorayda Restrepo Correa; Anand Roopsind; Agustin Rudas; Rafael Salomao; Natalino Silva; Javier Silva Espejo; James Singh; Juliana Stropp; John Terborgh; Raquel Thomas; Marisol Toledo; Armando Torres-Lezama; Luis Valenzuela Gamarra; Peter J. van de Meer; Geertje van der Heijden; Peter van der Hout; Rodolfo Vasquez Martinez; Cesar Vela; Ima Celia Guimaraes Vieira; Oliver L. Phillips

doi:10.1111/gcb.14413

Compositional response of Amazon forests to climate change

Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Timothy R. Baker, Kyle G. Dexter, Simon L. Lewis, Roel J. W. Brienen, Ted R. Feldpausch, Jon Lloyd, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Luzmila Arroyo, Esteban Alvarez-Davila, Niro Higuchi, Beatriz S. Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Marcos Silveira, Emilio Vilanova, Emanuel Gloor, Yadvinder Malhi, Jerome Chave, Jos Barlow, Damien BonalNallaret Davila Cardozo, Terry Erwin, Sophie Fauset, Bruno Herault, Susan Laurance, Lourens Poorter, Lan Qie, Clement Stahl, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Hans ter Steege, Vincent Antoine Vos, Pieter A. Zuidema, Everton Almeida, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Ana Andrade, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Luiz Aragao, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Eric Arets, Gerardo A. Aymard C, Christopher Baraloto, Plinio Barbosa Camargo, Jorcely G. Barroso, Frans Bongers, Rene Boot, Jose Luis Camargo, Wendeson Castro, Victor Chama Moscoso, James Comiskey, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Antonio Carlos Lola da Costa, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, Anthony Di Fiore, Luisa Fernanda Duque, Fernando Elias, Julien Engel, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, David Galbraith, Rafael Herrera Fernandez, Euridice Honorio Coronado, Wannes Hubau, Eliana Jimenez-Rojas, Adriano Jose Nogueira Lima, Ricardo Keichi Umetsu, William Laurance, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Thomas Lovejoy, Omar Aurelio Melo Cruz, Paulo S. Morandi, David Neill, Percy Nunez Vargas, Nadir C. Pallqui Camacho, Alexander Parada Gutierrez, Guido Pardo, Julie Peacock, Marielos Pena-Claros, Maria Cristina Penuela-Mora, Pascal Petronelli, Georgia C. Pickavance, Nigel Pitman, Adriana Prieto, Carlos Quesada, Hirma Ramirez-Angulo, Maxime Rejou-Mechain, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, Anand Roopsind, Agustin Rudas, Rafael Salomao, Natalino Silva, Javier Silva Espejo, James Singh, Juliana Stropp, John Terborgh, Raquel Thomas, Marisol Toledo, Armando Torres-Lezama, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Peter J. van de Meer, Geertje van der Heijden, Peter van der Hout, Rodolfo Vasquez Martinez, Cesar Vela, Ima Celia Guimaraes Vieira, Oliver L. Phillips

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Most of the planet's diversity is concentrated in the tropics, which includes many regions undergoing rapid climate change. Yet, while climate‐induced biodiversity changes are widely documented elsewhere, few studies have addressed this issue for lowland tropical ecosystems. Here we investigate whether the floristic and functional composition of intact lowland Amazonian forests have been changing by evaluating records from 106 long‐term inventory plots spanning 30 years. We analyse three traits that have been hypothesized to respond to different environmental drivers (increase in moisture stress and atmospheric CO2 concentrations): maximum tree size, biogeographic water‐deficit affiliation and wood density. Tree communities have become increasingly dominated by large‐statured taxa, but to date there has been no detectable change in mean wood density or water deficit affiliation at the community level, despite most forest plots having experienced an intensification of the dry season. However, among newly recruited trees, dry‐affiliated genera have become more abundant, while the mortality of wet‐affiliated genera has increased in those plots where the dry season has intensified most. Thus, a slow shift to a more dry‐affiliated Amazonia is underway, with changes in compositional dynamics (recruits and mortality) consistent with climate‐change drivers, but yet to significantly impact whole‐community composition. The Amazon observational record suggests that the increase in atmospheric CO2 is driving a shift within tree communities to large‐statured species and that climate changes to date will impact forest composition, but long generation times of tropical trees mean that biodiversity change is lagging behind climate change.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	39-56
Number of pages	18
Journal	Global Change Biology
Volume	25
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14413
Publication status	Published - Jan 2019

Funding

Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Grant/Award Number: NE/ N004655/1; NERC Consortium Grants “AMAZONICA”; BIO‐RED; European Research Council (ERC); The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; European Union's Seventh Framework Programme, Grant/ Award Number: 282664; Royal Society, Grant/Award Number: CH160091; Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award We thank the editor and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This manuscript is a product of the RAINFOR network. It integrates the effort of hundreds of researchers and field assistants across Amazonia over three decades and has benefited from the sustained support of rural communities and local institutions. We thank the following individuals in particular: Atila Alves de Oliveira, Benoit Burban, Bert van Ulft, Eliana Riascos, Foster Brown, Francisco Gómez, Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Irina Mendoza Polo, Jean Olivier, Joey Talbot, John Lleigue, Marcela Serna, Michel Baisie, Lilian Blanc, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Roderick Zagt, Nazareno Martinez, Olaf Banki, Pétrus Naisso, Samaria Mura-kami, Samuel Almeida, Timothy Killeen, Tomas Dario Gutierrez, Walter Huaraca Huasco, Wemo Betian and Vincent Bezard. Support for RAINFOR has come from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Urgency Grants and NERC Consortium Grants “AMAZO-NICA” (NE/F005806/1), “TROBIT” (NE/D005590/1) and “BIO‐RED” (NE/N012542/1), a European Research Council (ERC) grant (T‐ FORCES, “Tropical Forests in the Changing Earth System”), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (282664, “AMAZALERT”) and the Royal Society (CH160091). OLP was supported by an ERC Advanced Grant and a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award. KGD was supported by a Leverhulme Trust International Academic Fellowship. This paper is part of the PhD of AE‐M, which was funded by the ERC T‐FORCES grant. AE‐M is currently supported by T‐FORCES and the NERC project “TREMOR” (NE/N004655/1).

Funders	Funder number
Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
Seventh Framework Programme	282664
Natural Environment Research Council	NE/D005590/1, NE/N012542/1, NE/ N004655/1, NE/F005806/1
Leverhulme Trust
Royal Society	CH160091
European Research Council
Seventh Framework Programme

Keywords

bioclimatic niches
climate change
compositional shifts
functional traits
temporal trends
tropical forests

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1111/gcb.14413

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6334637

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Esquivel-Muelbert, A., Baker, T. R., Dexter, K. G., Lewis, S. L., Brienen, R. J. W., Feldpausch, T. R., Lloyd, J., Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Arroyo, L., Alvarez-Davila, E., Higuchi, N., Marimon, B. S., Marimon-Junior, B. H., Silveira, M., Vilanova, E., Gloor, E., Malhi, Y., Chave, J., Barlow, J., ... Phillips, O. L. (2019). Compositional response of Amazon forests to climate change. Global Change Biology, 25(1), 39-56. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14413

@article{33dbb369343d4a4783383b8f7782e6a5,

title = "Compositional response of Amazon forests to climate change",

abstract = "Most of the planet's diversity is concentrated in the tropics, which includes many regions undergoing rapid climate change. Yet, while climate‐induced biodiversity changes are widely documented elsewhere, few studies have addressed this issue for lowland tropical ecosystems. Here we investigate whether the floristic and functional composition of intact lowland Amazonian forests have been changing by evaluating records from 106 long‐term inventory plots spanning 30 years. We analyse three traits that have been hypothesized to respond to different environmental drivers (increase in moisture stress and atmospheric CO2 concentrations): maximum tree size, biogeographic water‐deficit affiliation and wood density. Tree communities have become increasingly dominated by large‐statured taxa, but to date there has been no detectable change in mean wood density or water deficit affiliation at the community level, despite most forest plots having experienced an intensification of the dry season. However, among newly recruited trees, dry‐affiliated genera have become more abundant, while the mortality of wet‐affiliated genera has increased in those plots where the dry season has intensified most. Thus, a slow shift to a more dry‐affiliated Amazonia is underway, with changes in compositional dynamics (recruits and mortality) consistent with climate‐change drivers, but yet to significantly impact whole‐community composition. The Amazon observational record suggests that the increase in atmospheric CO2 is driving a shift within tree communities to large‐statured species and that climate changes to date will impact forest composition, but long generation times of tropical trees mean that biodiversity change is lagging behind climate change.",

keywords = "bioclimatic niches, climate change, compositional shifts, functional traits, temporal trends, tropical forests",

author = "Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert and Baker, {Timothy R.} and Dexter, {Kyle G.} and Lewis, {Simon L.} and Brienen, {Roel J. W.} and Feldpausch, {Ted R.} and Jon Lloyd and Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza and Luzmila Arroyo and Esteban Alvarez-Davila and Niro Higuchi and Marimon, {Beatriz S.} and Marimon-Junior, {Ben Hur} and Marcos Silveira and Emilio Vilanova and Emanuel Gloor and Yadvinder Malhi and Jerome Chave and Jos Barlow and Damien Bonal and {Davila Cardozo}, Nallaret and Terry Erwin and Sophie Fauset and Bruno Herault and Susan Laurance and Lourens Poorter and Lan Qie and Clement Stahl and Sullivan, {Martin J. P.} and {ter Steege}, Hans and Vos, {Vincent Antoine} and Zuidema, {Pieter A.} and Everton Almeida and {Almeida de Oliveira}, Edmar and Ana Andrade and Vieira, {Simone Aparecida} and Luiz Aragao and Alejandro Araujo-Murakami and Eric Arets and {Aymard C}, {Gerardo A.} and Christopher Baraloto and Camargo, {Plinio Barbosa} and Barroso, {Jorcely G.} and Frans Bongers and Rene Boot and Camargo, {Jose Luis} and Wendeson Castro and {Chama Moscoso}, Victor and James Comiskey and {Cornejo Valverde}, Fernando and {Lola da Costa}, {Antonio Carlos} and {del Aguila Pasquel}, Jhon and {Di Fiore}, Anthony and {Fernanda Duque}, Luisa and Fernando Elias and Julien Engel and {Flores Llampazo}, Gerardo and David Galbraith and {Herrera Fernandez}, Rafael and {Honorio Coronado}, Euridice and Wannes Hubau and Eliana Jimenez-Rojas and Lima, {Adriano Jose Nogueira} and Umetsu, {Ricardo Keichi} and William Laurance and Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez and Thomas Lovejoy and {Aurelio Melo Cruz}, Omar and Morandi, {Paulo S.} and David Neill and {Nunez Vargas}, Percy and {Pallqui Camacho}, {Nadir C.} and {Parada Gutierrez}, Alexander and Guido Pardo and Julie Peacock and Marielos Pena-Claros and Penuela-Mora, {Maria Cristina} and Pascal Petronelli and Pickavance, {Georgia C.} and Nigel Pitman and Adriana Prieto and Carlos Quesada and Hirma Ramirez-Angulo and Maxime Rejou-Mechain and {Restrepo Correa}, Zorayda and Anand Roopsind and Agustin Rudas and Rafael Salomao and Natalino Silva and {Silva Espejo}, Javier and James Singh and Juliana Stropp and John Terborgh and Raquel Thomas and Marisol Toledo and Armando Torres-Lezama and {Valenzuela Gamarra}, Luis and {van de Meer}, {Peter J.} and {van der Heijden}, Geertje and {van der Hout}, Peter and {Vasquez Martinez}, Rodolfo and Cesar Vela and Vieira, {Ima Celia Guimaraes} and Phillips, {Oliver L.}",

year = "2019",

month = jan,

doi = "10.1111/gcb.14413",

language = "English",

volume = "25",

pages = "39--56",

journal = "Global Change Biology",

issn = "1354-1013",

publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing",

number = "1",

}

Esquivel-Muelbert, A, Baker, TR, Dexter, KG, Lewis, SL, Brienen, RJW, Feldpausch, TR, Lloyd, J, Monteagudo-Mendoza, A, Arroyo, L, Alvarez-Davila, E, Higuchi, N, Marimon, BS, Marimon-Junior, BH, Silveira, M, Vilanova, E, Gloor, E, Malhi, Y, Chave, J, Barlow, J, Bonal, D, Davila Cardozo, N, Erwin, T, Fauset, S, Herault, B, Laurance, S, Poorter, L, Qie, L, Stahl, C, Sullivan, MJP, ter Steege, H, Vos, VA, Zuidema, PA, Almeida, E, Almeida de Oliveira, E, Andrade, A, Vieira, SA, Aragao, L, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arets, E, Aymard C, GA, Baraloto, C, Camargo, PB, Barroso, JG, Bongers, F, Boot, R, Camargo, JL, Castro, W, Chama Moscoso, V, Comiskey, J, Cornejo Valverde, F, Lola da Costa, AC, del Aguila Pasquel, J, Di Fiore, A, Fernanda Duque, L, Elias, F, Engel, J, Flores Llampazo, G, Galbraith, D, Herrera Fernandez, R, Honorio Coronado, E, Hubau, W, Jimenez-Rojas, E, Lima, AJN, Umetsu, RK, Laurance, W, Lopez-Gonzalez, G, Lovejoy, T, Aurelio Melo Cruz, O, Morandi, PS, Neill, D, Nunez Vargas, P, Pallqui Camacho, NC, Parada Gutierrez, A, Pardo, G, Peacock, J, Pena-Claros, M, Penuela-Mora, MC, Petronelli, P, Pickavance, GC, Pitman, N, Prieto, A, Quesada, C, Ramirez-Angulo, H, Rejou-Mechain, M, Restrepo Correa, Z, Roopsind, A, Rudas, A, Salomao, R, Silva, N, Silva Espejo, J, Singh, J, Stropp, J, Terborgh, J, Thomas, R, Toledo, M, Torres-Lezama, A, Valenzuela Gamarra, L, van de Meer, PJ, van der Heijden, G, van der Hout, P, Vasquez Martinez, R, Vela, C, Vieira, ICG & Phillips, OL 2019, 'Compositional response of Amazon forests to climate change', Global Change Biology, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 39-56. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14413

TY - JOUR

T1 - Compositional response of Amazon forests to climate change

AU - Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane

AU - Baker, Timothy R.

AU - Dexter, Kyle G.

AU - Lewis, Simon L.

AU - Brienen, Roel J. W.

AU - Feldpausch, Ted R.

AU - Lloyd, Jon

AU - Monteagudo-Mendoza, Abel

AU - Arroyo, Luzmila

AU - Alvarez-Davila, Esteban

AU - Higuchi, Niro

AU - Marimon, Beatriz S.

AU - Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur

AU - Silveira, Marcos

AU - Vilanova, Emilio

AU - Gloor, Emanuel

AU - Malhi, Yadvinder

AU - Chave, Jerome

AU - Barlow, Jos

AU - Bonal, Damien

AU - Davila Cardozo, Nallaret

AU - Erwin, Terry

AU - Fauset, Sophie

AU - Herault, Bruno

AU - Laurance, Susan

AU - Poorter, Lourens

AU - Qie, Lan

AU - Stahl, Clement

AU - Sullivan, Martin J. P.

AU - ter Steege, Hans

AU - Vos, Vincent Antoine

AU - Zuidema, Pieter A.

AU - Almeida, Everton

AU - Almeida de Oliveira, Edmar

AU - Andrade, Ana

AU - Vieira, Simone Aparecida

AU - Aragao, Luiz

AU - Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro

AU - Arets, Eric

AU - Aymard C, Gerardo A.

AU - Baraloto, Christopher

AU - Camargo, Plinio Barbosa

AU - Barroso, Jorcely G.

AU - Bongers, Frans

AU - Boot, Rene

AU - Camargo, Jose Luis

AU - Castro, Wendeson

AU - Chama Moscoso, Victor

AU - Comiskey, James

AU - Cornejo Valverde, Fernando

AU - Lola da Costa, Antonio Carlos

AU - del Aguila Pasquel, Jhon

AU - Di Fiore, Anthony

AU - Fernanda Duque, Luisa

AU - Elias, Fernando

AU - Engel, Julien

AU - Flores Llampazo, Gerardo

AU - Galbraith, David

AU - Herrera Fernandez, Rafael

AU - Honorio Coronado, Euridice

AU - Hubau, Wannes

AU - Jimenez-Rojas, Eliana

AU - Lima, Adriano Jose Nogueira

AU - Umetsu, Ricardo Keichi

AU - Laurance, William

AU - Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela

AU - Lovejoy, Thomas

AU - Aurelio Melo Cruz, Omar

AU - Morandi, Paulo S.

AU - Neill, David

AU - Nunez Vargas, Percy

AU - Pallqui Camacho, Nadir C.

AU - Parada Gutierrez, Alexander

AU - Pardo, Guido

AU - Peacock, Julie

AU - Pena-Claros, Marielos

AU - Penuela-Mora, Maria Cristina

AU - Petronelli, Pascal

AU - Pickavance, Georgia C.

AU - Pitman, Nigel

AU - Prieto, Adriana

AU - Quesada, Carlos

AU - Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma

AU - Rejou-Mechain, Maxime

AU - Restrepo Correa, Zorayda

AU - Roopsind, Anand

AU - Rudas, Agustin

AU - Salomao, Rafael

AU - Silva, Natalino

AU - Silva Espejo, Javier

AU - Singh, James

AU - Stropp, Juliana

AU - Terborgh, John

AU - Thomas, Raquel

AU - Toledo, Marisol

AU - Torres-Lezama, Armando

AU - Valenzuela Gamarra, Luis

AU - van de Meer, Peter J.

AU - van der Heijden, Geertje

AU - van der Hout, Peter

AU - Vasquez Martinez, Rodolfo

AU - Vela, Cesar

AU - Vieira, Ima Celia Guimaraes

AU - Phillips, Oliver L.

PY - 2019/1

Y1 - 2019/1

N2 - Most of the planet's diversity is concentrated in the tropics, which includes many regions undergoing rapid climate change. Yet, while climate‐induced biodiversity changes are widely documented elsewhere, few studies have addressed this issue for lowland tropical ecosystems. Here we investigate whether the floristic and functional composition of intact lowland Amazonian forests have been changing by evaluating records from 106 long‐term inventory plots spanning 30 years. We analyse three traits that have been hypothesized to respond to different environmental drivers (increase in moisture stress and atmospheric CO2 concentrations): maximum tree size, biogeographic water‐deficit affiliation and wood density. Tree communities have become increasingly dominated by large‐statured taxa, but to date there has been no detectable change in mean wood density or water deficit affiliation at the community level, despite most forest plots having experienced an intensification of the dry season. However, among newly recruited trees, dry‐affiliated genera have become more abundant, while the mortality of wet‐affiliated genera has increased in those plots where the dry season has intensified most. Thus, a slow shift to a more dry‐affiliated Amazonia is underway, with changes in compositional dynamics (recruits and mortality) consistent with climate‐change drivers, but yet to significantly impact whole‐community composition. The Amazon observational record suggests that the increase in atmospheric CO2 is driving a shift within tree communities to large‐statured species and that climate changes to date will impact forest composition, but long generation times of tropical trees mean that biodiversity change is lagging behind climate change.

AB - Most of the planet's diversity is concentrated in the tropics, which includes many regions undergoing rapid climate change. Yet, while climate‐induced biodiversity changes are widely documented elsewhere, few studies have addressed this issue for lowland tropical ecosystems. Here we investigate whether the floristic and functional composition of intact lowland Amazonian forests have been changing by evaluating records from 106 long‐term inventory plots spanning 30 years. We analyse three traits that have been hypothesized to respond to different environmental drivers (increase in moisture stress and atmospheric CO2 concentrations): maximum tree size, biogeographic water‐deficit affiliation and wood density. Tree communities have become increasingly dominated by large‐statured taxa, but to date there has been no detectable change in mean wood density or water deficit affiliation at the community level, despite most forest plots having experienced an intensification of the dry season. However, among newly recruited trees, dry‐affiliated genera have become more abundant, while the mortality of wet‐affiliated genera has increased in those plots where the dry season has intensified most. Thus, a slow shift to a more dry‐affiliated Amazonia is underway, with changes in compositional dynamics (recruits and mortality) consistent with climate‐change drivers, but yet to significantly impact whole‐community composition. The Amazon observational record suggests that the increase in atmospheric CO2 is driving a shift within tree communities to large‐statured species and that climate changes to date will impact forest composition, but long generation times of tropical trees mean that biodiversity change is lagging behind climate change.

KW - bioclimatic niches

KW - climate change

KW - compositional shifts

KW - functional traits

KW - temporal trends

KW - tropical forests

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85056206420&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85056206420&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1111/gcb.14413

DO - 10.1111/gcb.14413

M3 - Article

SN - 1354-1013

VL - 25

SP - 39

EP - 56

JO - Global Change Biology

JF - Global Change Biology

IS - 1

ER -

Compositional response of Amazon forests to climate change

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UN SDGs

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