Constraints on crustal recycling from boron isotopes in Italian melt inclusions

Boron represents an important tracer of crustal recycling processes in subduction zones, because it is readily mobilised from the subducted lithosphere and different components in the slab are isotopically distinct. Profiles of boron content and isotope ratio across magmatic arcs generally show that B concentrations decrease with increasing slab depth, which implies decreasing amount of slab-derived fluids. To date, however, data on continental-collision zones and post-collisional subduction settings are scarce. This study examines Plio-Quaternary Italian magmatism to quantify crustal recycling in a complex subduction setting. Magmatic products vary from (ultra)potassic along the Tyrrhenian side in the north, to calcalkaline and Na-alkaline in the south. Combined major and trace element and [B] content and δ¹¹B values are reported in 99 Melt Inclusions (MIs), analyses from a wide range of Italian lavas. [B] vary from 4 to 298 µg/g and δ¹¹B from -29.2 to -3.9‰. The B isotopic values are considerably lower than previously reported in arcs and other post-collisional setting magmatism. We infer a role for phengite in the source of all studied Italian magmas (with the exception of Mt. Etna lavas). This white mica is stable to high pressures in subducted sediments of altered oceanic crust and records dehydration and ¹¹B depletion due to dehydration processes. MIs hosted in highly fosteritic olivines (Fo >74; median of 89) from across Italy reveal that primary melts tap heterogeneous mantle including subducted oceanic and continental components that were introduced during the Alpine, and Adriatic and Ionian subduction phases. The combined geochemical data record the involvement of sediments that variably metasomatized the mantle wedge. We propose that slab detachment and consequent heat input from the inflow of hot asthenosphere was responsible for phengite breakdown in subducted sediments and locally produced metasomatism of the mantle wedge, imposing a characteristic B isotope signature to the overlying mantle. Continued heating due to asthenosphere inflow led to melting of the metasomatized mantle wedge and generation of the Italian magmatism. Mt. Etna represents an exception being dominated by asthenosphere upwelling through a slab window with minimal influence from active subduction.