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Constructions of normal numbers with infinite digit sets

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Abstract

Let L=(Ld)d∈N be any ordered probability sequence, i.e., satisfying 0<Ld+1≤Ld for each d∈N and ∑d∈NLd=1. We construct sequences A=(ai)i∈N on the countably infinite alphabet N in which each possible block of digits α1,…,αk∈N, k∈N, occurs with frequency ∏d=1kLαd. In other words, we construct L-normal sequences. These sequences can then be projected to normal numbers in various affine number systems, such as real numbers x∈[0,1] that are normal in GLS number systems that correspond to the sequence L or higher dimensional variants. In particular, this construction provides a family of numbers that have a normal Lüroth expansion.

Original languageEnglish
Article number101945
Pages (from-to)1-25
Number of pages25
JournalJournal of Complexity
Volume89
Early online date4 Apr 2025
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Aug 2025

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 The Authors

Keywords

  • Digit frequency
  • GLS expansions
  • Lüroth expansions
  • Normal numbers

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