Creating a lowland and peatland landscape digital terrain model (DTM) from interpolated partial coverage LiDAR data for Central Kalimantan and East Sumatra, Indonesia

Ronald Vernimmen*, Aljosja Hooijer, Angga T. Yuherdha, Martijn Visser, Maarten Pronk, Dirk Eilander, Rizka Akmalia, Natan Fitranatanegara, Dedi Mulyadi, Heri Andreas, James Ouellette, Warwick Hadley

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to JournalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

Coastal lowland areas support much of the world population on only a small part of its terrestrial surface. Yet these areas face rapidly increasing land surface subsidence and flooding, and are most vulnerable to future sea level rise. The accurate and up to date digital terrain models (DTMs) that are required to predict and manage such risks are absent in many of the areas affected, especially in regions where populations are least developed economically and may be least resilient to such changes. Airborne LiDAR is widely seen as the most accurate data type for elevation mapping but can be prohibitively expensive, as are detailed field surveys across a broad geographic scale. We present an economical method that utilizes airborne LiDAR data along parallel flight lines ('strips') covering between 10% and 35% of the land depending on terrain characteristics, and manual interpolation. We present results for lowland areas in Central Kalimantan and East Sumatra (Indonesia), for which no accurate DTM currently exists. The study areas are covered with forest, plantations and agricultural land, on mineral soils and peatlands. The method is shown to yield DTM differences within 0.5 m, relative to full coverage LiDAR data, for 87.7-96.4% of the land surface in a range of conditions in 15 validation areas, and within 1.0 m for 99.3% of the area overall. After testing, the method was then applied to the entire eastern coastal zone of Sumatra, yielding a DTM at 100 m spatial resolution covering 7.1 Mha of lowland area from 1.45 Mha of effective LiDAR coverage. The DTM shows that 36.3%, or 2.6 Mha, of this area is below 2 m +MSL and, therefore, at risk of flooding in the near future as sea level rise continues. This DTM product is available for use in flood risk mapping, peatland mapping and other applications.

Original languageEnglish
Article number1152
JournalRemote Sensing
Volume11
Issue number10
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 May 2019
Externally publishedYes

Funding

Funding: Airborne LiDAR data acquisition was funded by the Australian Agency for International Development and Dutch government (2011), Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (2014), Asia Pulp and Paper (2015, 2016, 2017), Belantara Foundation (2017), United Kingdom Climate Change Unit (2017) and others.

FundersFunder number
Australian Agency for International Development and Dutch government
Belantara Foundation
Direktoratet for Utviklingssamarbeid
Australian Agency for International Development
State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering

    Keywords

    • Central Kalimantan
    • DTM
    • East Sumatra
    • Indonesia
    • LiDAR
    • Lowland
    • Peatland

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