Abstract
Auckland, the largest city of New Zealand, is one of the most diverse cities in the world, with more than 40% of its population born abroad, more than 200 ethnicities represented and 160 languages spoken. In this paper, we measure residential sorting of individuals in Auckland by their cultural (ethnicity) and economic (income, education and occupation) characteristics for the years 1991–2013. Using entropy-based measures of residential sorting and of neighbourhood diversity, we find that individuals exhibit greater residential sorting by ethnicity than by economic characteristics. Geographically, the semi-rural fringes of the city exhibit less diversity than the central urban area. Multi-group indexes of cultural and economic sorting showed a small decline over the 1991–2013 period. We also observe that ethnic sorting declined over that period for broad ethnic groups, but that sorting within the broad ethnic groups increased since 2001. A similar pattern of decreasing sorting at the aggregate level, with increasing sorting within groups in the more recent sub-period, is observed for occupations.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 291-330 |
| Journal | Journal of Geographical Systems |
| Volume | 23 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 20 Sept 2020 |
Funding
The first author acknowledges the support provided by the University of Waikato in the form of a University of Waikato Doctoral Scholarship. This study has also been supported by the 2014–2020 Capturing the Diversity Dividend of Aotearoa New Zealand (CaDDANZ) programme, funded by Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment grant UOWX1404. We thank Robert Didham, participants at the WEAI 94th Annual Conference, held in San Francisco in June 2019, and three anonymous referees for extensive comments and suggestions that have improved the quality and clarity of the paper. We also thank Geua Boe-Gibson and Dave Maré for their help with creating the maps. The first author acknowledges the support provided by the University of Waikato in the form of a University of Waikato Doctoral Scholarship. This study has also been supported by the 2014?2020 Capturing the Diversity Dividend of Aotearoa New Zealand (CaDDANZ) programme, funded by Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment grant UOWX1404. We thank Robert Didham, participants at the WEAI 94th Annual Conference, held in San Francisco in June 2019, and three anonymous referees for extensive comments and suggestions that have improved the quality and clarity of the paper. We also thank Geua Boe-Gibson and Dave Mar? for their help with creating the maps.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| Geua Boe-Gibson | |
| Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment | UOWX1404 |
Keywords
- Residential sorting
- Cultural sorting
- Economic sorting
- Segregation
- Entropy measures
- Cultural diversity
- Economic diversity