Cyclic fatigue of a repaired 4 YSZ ceramic: Effect of the repair protocol on the adhesive and mechanical behavior

Pablo Machado Soares, Lucas Saldanha da Rosa, Rafaela Oliveira Pilecco, Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira, Amanda Maria de Oliveira Dal Piva, João Paulo Mendes Tribst*, Luiz Felipe Valandro, Cornelis Johannes Kleverlaan, Marilia Pivetta Rippe

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to JournalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on the morphology, shear bond, and flexural fatigue strength of a repaired translucent zirconia. Methods: Monolithic disc-shaped specimens of translucent zirconia were prepared and ground to simulate repair areas. Four groups underwent different treatments: Air-MDP (air-abrasion with alumina particles and 10-MDP primer), Si-Sil (silica-coated alumina particles with MDP-containing silane), Si-MDP (silica coating with 10-MDP primer), and Uni adhe (universal adhesive). After roughness measurements and treatments, repairs were done using resin composite. Shear bond and flexural (n = 15) fatigue tests were performed. Surface topography, interfacial analysis, fractographic, and finite element analysis were conducted. Results: The zirconia roughness was similar between the groups, however, the surface topography was modified according to the surface treatments. Si-Sil generated higher and more stable bond strength values (20.69 MPa) between translucent zirconia and resin composite when compared to Uni adhe (15.75 MPa) considering the fatigue bond strength scenario, while it was similar to Si-MDP (17.70 MPa) and Air-MDP (18.97 MPa). Regarding the mechanical behavior, Si-Sil (680.83 MPa) also showed higher and significantly different fatigue strength when compared to Uni adhe (584.55 MPa), while both were similar to Si-MDP (634.22 MPa) and Air-MDP (641.86 MPa). Conclusion: The association of mechanical and chemical approaches is essential for long-term bond strength and optimized mechanical behavior, being air-abrasion protocols and the use of silane and/or MDP-based primers suitable for zirconia repair protocols. It was found that relying solely on a universal adhesive was not as effective as other options available. Clinical significance: The surface treatment of repair protocols affects translucent zirconia's morphology. To enhance fatigue behavior in repaired monolithic zirconia, air abrasion is crucial. Exclusive use of a universal adhesive is less effective than other choices. A primer containing silane/MDP holds the potential for stable bond strength and optimized mechanical performance.

Original languageEnglish
Article numbere23709
Pages (from-to)1-13
Number of pages13
JournalHeliyon
Volume10
Issue number1
Early online date15 Dec 2023
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 15 Jan 2024

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors declare no conflict of interests. This study was partially financed by the Brazilian Federal Agency for Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel – CAPES (process number 888877.17140/2022–00 , P.S.M. doctorate sandwich scholarship at CAPES /PrInt Program, Smart Materials Project; and Finance code 001, P.S.M, and L.S.R Doctorate's scholarships), and by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development – CNPq (R.O.P. doctorate scholarship, Grant #140118/2022–5 ; G.K.R.P and L.F.V. grants #304665/2022–3 , and #308427/2021–1 , respectively). We emphasize that the aforementioned institutions did not have any role in the study design, data collection or analysis, the decision to publish, or in preparing the manuscript.

Funding Information:
The authors declare no conflict of interests. This study was partially financed by the Brazilian Federal Agency for Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel – CAPES (process number 888877.17140/2022–00, P.S.M. doctorate sandwich scholarship at CAPES/PrInt Program, Smart Materials Project; and Finance code 001, P.S.M, and L.S.R Doctorate's scholarships), and by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development – CNPq (R.O.P. doctorate scholarship, Grant #140118/2022–5; G.K.R.P and L.F.V. grants #304665/2022–3, and #308427/2021–1, respectively). We emphasize that the aforementioned institutions did not have any role in the study design, data collection or analysis, the decision to publish, or in preparing the manuscript.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors

Funding

The authors declare no conflict of interests. This study was partially financed by the Brazilian Federal Agency for Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel – CAPES (process number 888877.17140/2022–00 , P.S.M. doctorate sandwich scholarship at CAPES /PrInt Program, Smart Materials Project; and Finance code 001, P.S.M, and L.S.R Doctorate's scholarships), and by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development – CNPq (R.O.P. doctorate scholarship, Grant #140118/2022–5 ; G.K.R.P and L.F.V. grants #304665/2022–3 , and #308427/2021–1 , respectively). We emphasize that the aforementioned institutions did not have any role in the study design, data collection or analysis, the decision to publish, or in preparing the manuscript. The authors declare no conflict of interests. This study was partially financed by the Brazilian Federal Agency for Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel – CAPES (process number 888877.17140/2022–00, P.S.M. doctorate sandwich scholarship at CAPES/PrInt Program, Smart Materials Project; and Finance code 001, P.S.M, and L.S.R Doctorate's scholarships), and by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development – CNPq (R.O.P. doctorate scholarship, Grant #140118/2022–5; G.K.R.P and L.F.V. grants #304665/2022–3, and #308427/2021–1, respectively). We emphasize that the aforementioned institutions did not have any role in the study design, data collection or analysis, the decision to publish, or in preparing the manuscript.

FundersFunder number
Brazilian Federal Agency for Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel
PRINT
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior888877.17140/2022–00
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico140118/2022–5, 308427/2021–1, 304665/2022–3
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

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