Determination of several PFAS groups in food packaging material from fast-food restaurants in France

María Jesús Dueñas-Mas; Ana Ballesteros-Gómez; Jacob de Boer

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139734

Determination of several PFAS groups in food packaging material from fast-food restaurants in France

María Jesús Dueñas-Mas, Ana Ballesteros-Gómez, Jacob de Boer^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Per- and polyfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) are a large group of toxic compounds which have been widely used in industrial and consumer applications, from where they can migrate into the environment. They can pose a risk to human health because they have been associated with several diseases. To obtain more information on the risk of PFAS in fast food packaging materials, several PFAS (perfluorocarboxylic acids or PFCAs (n = 16), perfluorosulfonic acids or PFSAs (n = 14), and a miscellaneous group constituted by sulfonamides (n = 5) and fluorotelomer phosphate esters or PAPs (n = 5)) were quantified in food contact materials (FCMs) from fast-food restaurants in France. Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTS) and 6:2/6:2 fluorotelomer phosphate diester (6:2/6:2 diPAP) were detected in all samples. PFCAs with shorter chain lengths (C₄–C₆) showed the highest concentrations compared to median (C₇–C₁₀) and longer chain length PFCAs (C₁₁–C₁₈). However, they had lower detection frequencies (DFs) (except for PFHxA, DF = 100%) with values of 36 and 34% for C₄ and C₅ PFCAs, respectively. The DF of longer chain length PFCAs was higher, especially those of the median chain length PFCAs (C₈–C₁₀, with DF = 79–98%). Analytes from the PFSA group with high DFs (70–98%) were perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS, linear and branched) and 10:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (10:2 FTS), with concentrations similar to some analytes from the PFCA group. 4:2 Fluorotelomer phosphate monoester (4:2 mPAP), 8:2 fluorotelomer phosphate monoester (8:2 mPAP) and 8:2/8:2 fluorotelomer phosphate diester (8:2/8:2 diPAP) were found with the highest concentrations (<0.006–42.7 ng g⁻¹, <0.001–2.7 ng g⁻¹ and <0.001–287 ng g⁻¹, respectively) and the highest DFs (ranged 68–94%). Some correlations between analytes were found, indicating similar degradation routes or a common origin.

Original language	English
Article number	139734
Pages (from-to)	1-7
Number of pages	7
Journal	Chemosphere
Volume	339
Early online date	4 Aug 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139734
Publication status	Published - Oct 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors like to thank Mrs. Manon de Couet, Green Warriors, France, for initiating this study and taking all samples. We thank Mr. Jacco Koekkoek for his assistance in the LC/MS analyses. His expertise was a great help. The authors are also grateful for the funding to the Andalusian Department of Knowledge ( P18-RT-2654 ) and M. J. Dueñas-Mas acknowledges the funding for an FPI predoctoral grant ( PRE2018-083336 ).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors

Funding

The authors like to thank Mrs. Manon de Couet, Green Warriors, France, for initiating this study and taking all samples. We thank Mr. Jacco Koekkoek for his assistance in the LC/MS analyses. His expertise was a great help. The authors are also grateful for the funding to the Andalusian Department of Knowledge ( P18-RT-2654 ) and M. J. Dueñas-Mas acknowledges the funding for an FPI predoctoral grant ( PRE2018-083336 ).

Funders	Funder number
Andalusian Department of Knowledge	P18-RT-2654
Family Process Institute	PRE2018-083336
Family Process Institute

Keywords

Food contact materials
PAPs
PFAS
PFCAs
PFSAs

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10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139734

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Cite this

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title = "Determination of several PFAS groups in food packaging material from fast-food restaurants in France",

abstract = "Per- and polyfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) are a large group of toxic compounds which have been widely used in industrial and consumer applications, from where they can migrate into the environment. They can pose a risk to human health because they have been associated with several diseases. To obtain more information on the risk of PFAS in fast food packaging materials, several PFAS (perfluorocarboxylic acids or PFCAs (n = 16), perfluorosulfonic acids or PFSAs (n = 14), and a miscellaneous group constituted by sulfonamides (n = 5) and fluorotelomer phosphate esters or PAPs (n = 5)) were quantified in food contact materials (FCMs) from fast-food restaurants in France. Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTS) and 6:2/6:2 fluorotelomer phosphate diester (6:2/6:2 diPAP) were detected in all samples. PFCAs with shorter chain lengths (C4–C6) showed the highest concentrations compared to median (C7–C10) and longer chain length PFCAs (C11–C18). However, they had lower detection frequencies (DFs) (except for PFHxA, DF = 100%) with values of 36 and 34% for C4 and C5 PFCAs, respectively. The DF of longer chain length PFCAs was higher, especially those of the median chain length PFCAs (C8–C10, with DF = 79–98%). Analytes from the PFSA group with high DFs (70–98%) were perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS, linear and branched) and 10:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (10:2 FTS), with concentrations similar to some analytes from the PFCA group. 4:2 Fluorotelomer phosphate monoester (4:2 mPAP), 8:2 fluorotelomer phosphate monoester (8:2 mPAP) and 8:2/8:2 fluorotelomer phosphate diester (8:2/8:2 diPAP) were found with the highest concentrations (<0.006–42.7 ng g−1, <0.001–2.7 ng g−1 and <0.001–287 ng g−1, respectively) and the highest DFs (ranged 68–94%). Some correlations between analytes were found, indicating similar degradation routes or a common origin.",

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note = "Funding Information: The authors like to thank Mrs. Manon de Couet, Green Warriors, France, for initiating this study and taking all samples. We thank Mr. Jacco Koekkoek for his assistance in the LC/MS analyses. His expertise was a great help. The authors are also grateful for the funding to the Andalusian Department of Knowledge ( P18-RT-2654 ) and M. J. Due{\~n}as-Mas acknowledges the funding for an FPI predoctoral grant ( PRE2018-083336 ). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Authors",

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Determination of several PFAS groups in food packaging material from fast-food restaurants in France

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Keywords

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