Abstract
Background: Although research on children's motor competence is a growing field of interest, especially among young children (4-6 years), several questions remain to be answered. Differences in children’s motor competence and their determinants, must be made transparent since early childhood is a critical period for the development of fundamental movement skills, and thereby a lifelong active lifestyle and health. Objective: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine differences in actual motor competence (AMC), perceived motor competence (PMC) and enjoyment of physical activity among young children with different weight status. Methods: AMC, PMC and enjoyment were measured among 1708 children (50.4% male, mean age: 5.34 ± 0.73 years) from 36 primary schools in The Netherlands. AMC was measured by using the Athletic Skills Track (AST-1). The Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence for Young Children was used for determining PMC and enjoyment of physical activity was measured using a Visual Analogue Scale. The data were analyzed using a three-way ANOVA to examine the differences between AMC, PMC and enjoyment by sex (boys/girls), age (4, 5, 6 years) and weight status (normal, overweight, obesity). Results: Overall, AMC was ranked as ‘average motor gifted’. Average PMC and enjoyment scores were 3.31 (SE 0.01) (1-4 scale) and 4.41 (SE 0.02) (1-5 scale) respectively. No interaction effects were found between sex, age and weight status on AMC or PMC. However, there was a statistically significant two-way interaction effect for enjoyment between age and weight status (F (4,1454) =2.464, p =.043). Relative enjoyment scores for normal weight and overweight groups between high and low enjoyment were distributed 99% to 1%. However, in the obese group there was a distribution of 92% to 8% between high and low enjoyment. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that there are no significant differences in AMC and PMC between children of different sex, ages (4, 5 and 6 years), and weight status in this age group. However, children with obesity more often experience less enjoyment during physical activity than children with another weight status. Targeted intervention for increasing enjoyment during physical activity in combination with reducing obesity seems advisable even at young age.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 185 |
Pages (from-to) | 1471-1479 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | Journal of Physical Education and Sport |
Volume | 22 |
Issue number | 6 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Jun 2022 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:The results of this study suggest that there are no significant differences in actual and perceived motor competence between boys and girls within the age group 4-to-6-years old and with different weight status. For enjoyment there is a difference for children who experience a lot of enjoyment and less enjoyment. Relatively more 4-, 5-and 6-years-old children with obesity experience less enjoyment during physical activity than children with another weight status. The findings provide important information to professionals when developing effective practices and policies on FMS promotion. Funding details This work was supported by a Grant from the National Agency of Applied Research (Regieorgaan SIA), part of The Dutch National Science Organization (NWO) under Grant registration number: RAAK.PRO 03.123. Disclosure statement No potential conflicts of interest were reported by the authors. 1476---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- JPES ® www.efsupit.ro
Publisher Copyright:
© JPES.
Funding
The results of this study suggest that there are no significant differences in actual and perceived motor competence between boys and girls within the age group 4-to-6-years old and with different weight status. For enjoyment there is a difference for children who experience a lot of enjoyment and less enjoyment. Relatively more 4-, 5-and 6-years-old children with obesity experience less enjoyment during physical activity than children with another weight status. The findings provide important information to professionals when developing effective practices and policies on FMS promotion. Funding details This work was supported by a Grant from the National Agency of Applied Research (Regieorgaan SIA), part of The Dutch National Science Organization (NWO) under Grant registration number: RAAK.PRO 03.123. Disclosure statement No potential conflicts of interest were reported by the authors. 1476---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- JPES ® www.efsupit.ro
Funders | Funder number |
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Dutch National Science Organization | |
National Agency of Applied Research | |
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek | RAAK.PRO 03.123 |
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek |
Keywords
- biological determinants
- body mass index
- children
- cross-sectional
- motor competence
- socio demographic determinants