Digital drill core models: Structure-from-motion as a tool for the characterisation, orientation, and digital archiving of drill core samples

Peter Betlem*, Thomas Birchall, Kei Ogata, Joonsang Park, Elin Skurtveit, Kim Senger

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to JournalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

Structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry enables the cost-effective digital characterisation of seismic- to sub-decimetre-scale geoscientific samples. The technique is commonly used for the characterisation of outcrops, fracture mapping, and increasingly so for the quantification of deformation during geotechnical stress tests. We here apply SfM photogrammetry using off-the-shelf components and software, to generate 25 digital drill core models of drill cores. The selected samples originate from the Longyearbyen CO2 Lab project's borehole DH4, covering the lowermost cap rock and uppermost reservoir sequences proposed for CO2 sequestration onshore Svalbard. We have come up with a procedure that enables the determination of bulk volumes and densities with precisions and accuracies similar to those of such conventional methods as the immersion in fluid method. We use 3D printed replicas to qualitatively assure the volumes, and show that, with a mean deviation (based on eight samples) of 0.059% compared to proven geotechnical methods, the photogrammetric output is found to be equivalent. We furthermore splice together broken and fragmented core pieces to reconstruct larger core intervals. We unwrap these to generate and characterise 2D orthographic projections of the core edge using analytical workflows developed for the structure-sedimentological characterisation of virtual outcrop models. Drill core orthoprojections can be treated as directly correlatable to optical borehole-wall imagery data, enabling a direct and cost-effective elucidation of in situ drill core orientation and depth, as long as any form of borehole imagery is available. Digital drill core models are thus complementary to existing physical and photographic sample archives, and we foresee that the presented workflow can be adopted for the digitisation and digital storage of other types of geological samples, including degradable and dangerous ice and sediment cores and samples.

Original languageEnglish
Article number330
Pages (from-to)1-21
Number of pages21
JournalRemote Sensing
Volume12
Issue number2
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 19 Jan 2020

Bibliographical note

Special Issue: Structure from Motion (SfM) Photogrammetry for Geomatics and Geoscience Applications)

Funding

Funding: This research was funded by the Norwegian CCS Research Centre (NCCS), supported by industry partners and Norwegian Research Council grant 257579, the Research Centre for Arctic Petroleum Exploration (ARCEx), supported by industry partners and Norwegian Research Council grant 228107, and the University of the Arctic (UArctic).

FundersFunder number
Norwegian CCS Research Centre
Research Centre for Arctic Petroleum Exploration228107
Norges forskningsråd257579
University of the Arctic

    Keywords

    • Density
    • Digital samples
    • Drill core re-orientation
    • Orthoprojection
    • Sample reconstruction
    • Volume

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