Abstract
© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Canalization, an intrinsic robustness of development to external (environmental) or internal (genetic) perturbations, was first proposed over half a century ago. However, whether the robustness to environmental stress (environmental canalization [EC]) and to genetic variation (genetic canalization) are underpinned by the same molecular basis remains elusive. The recent discovery of the involvement of two endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated DnaJ genes in developmental buffering, orthologues of which are conserved across Metazoa, indicates that the role of ER-associated DnaJ genes might be conserved across the animal kingdom. To test this, we surveyed the ER-associated DnaJ chaperones in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We then quantified the phenotype, in the form of variance and mean of seam cell counts, from RNA interference knockdown of DnaJs under three different temperatures. We find that seven out of eight ER-associated DnaJs are involved in either EC or microenvironmental canalization. Moreover, we also found two DnaJ genes not specifically associated with ER (DNAJC2/dnj-11 and DNAJA2/dnj-19) were involved in canalization. Protein expression pattern showed that these DnaJs are upregulated by heat stress, yet not all of them are expressed in the seam cells. Moreover, we found that most of the buffering DnaJs also control lifespan. We therefore concluded that a number of DnaJ chaperones, not limited to those associated with the ER, are involved in canalization as a part of the complex system that underlies development.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 201-212 |
Journal | Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological and Integrative Physiology |
Volume | 331 |
Issue number | 3 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Mar 2019 |
Externally published | Yes |
Funding
We are extremely grateful to Danny Godfrey, Michalis Bakoulas, and Marie‐Anne Felix for their insightful suggestions for our experimental design and analysis. We also thank Gina Miku Oba for helping making figure 8 and Shohei Mitani for technical advice. Strains were obtained from the Caenorhabditis Genetics Centre, funded by the National Institutes of Health Office of Research Infrastructure Programs (P40 OD010440). This study was supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKENHI grant number 15K18584 and 17K15167 to A. S.
Funders | Funder number |
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National Institutes of Health | P40 OD010440 |
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science | 17K15167, 15K18584 |