Abstract
A common assumption in the literature is that metaphors make abstract concepts more concrete. This article empirically tests this assumption in a large corpus of (metaphorical) domain constructions published between 2000 and 2019 in American English (N = 72,703). Results demonstrate that metaphorical domain constructions are indeed more concrete than nonmetaphorical domain constructions. Furthermore, for metaphorical (but not for nonmetaphorical) domain constructions, concreteness was unrelated to conventionality. Metaphorical (vs. nonmetaphorical) domain constructions were also more concrete for humanities, social science, and general topics but not for science topics. Finally, metaphorical domain constructions from the source domains of landscape, building, natural phenomenon, and game were more concrete than those from other domains. By contrast, metaphorical domain constructions from the domains of economy and living being were less concrete than those from other domains. Metaphorical domain constructions from the domains of war, machine, and travel did not differ in concreteness from those from other domains. Implications for metaphor theory are discussed.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 430-442 |
| Journal | Discourse Processes |
| Volume | 63 |
| Issue number | 5 |
| Early online date | 18 Mar 2026 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 28 May 2026 |
Funding
The contribution of Christian Burgers was supported by the Dutch Research Council (NWO), under NWO/Vidi grant [276-45-005]. The authors thank Lydia de Boer and Miriam Kwant for their assistance with reliability coding.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek | |
| Lydia de Boer and Miriam Kwant | |
| VIDI | 276-45-005 |
Keywords
- Metaphor
- Concreteness
- Abstraction
- Source domain
- Target domain
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