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Do metaphors make abstract concepts more concrete?

Research output: Contribution to JournalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

A common assumption in the literature is that metaphors make abstract concepts more concrete. This article empirically tests this assumption in a large corpus of (metaphorical) domain constructions published between 2000 and 2019 in American English (N = 72,703). Results demonstrate that metaphorical domain constructions are indeed more concrete than nonmetaphorical domain constructions. Furthermore, for metaphorical (but not for nonmetaphorical) domain constructions, concreteness was unrelated to conventionality. Metaphorical (vs. nonmetaphorical) domain constructions were also more concrete for humanities, social science, and general topics but not for science topics. Finally, metaphorical domain constructions from the source domains of landscape, building, natural phenomenon, and game were more concrete than those from other domains. By contrast, metaphorical domain constructions from the domains of economy and living being were less concrete than those from other domains. Metaphorical domain constructions from the domains of war, machine, and travel did not differ in concreteness from those from other domains. Implications for metaphor theory are discussed.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)430-442
JournalDiscourse Processes
Volume63
Issue number5
Early online date18 Mar 2026
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 28 May 2026

Funding

The contribution of Christian Burgers was supported by the Dutch Research Council (NWO), under NWO/Vidi grant [276-45-005]. The authors thank Lydia de Boer and Miriam Kwant for their assistance with reliability coding.

FundersFunder number
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Lydia de Boer and Miriam Kwant
VIDI276-45-005

    Keywords

    • Metaphor
    • Concreteness
    • Abstraction
    • Source domain
    • Target domain

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