TY - JOUR
T1 - Does exposure to facial composites damage eyewitness memory?
T2 - A comprehensive review
AU - Sporer, Siegfried L.
AU - Tredoux, Colin G.
AU - Vredeveldt, Annelies
AU - Kempen, Kate
AU - Nortje, Alicia
PY - 2020/9
Y1 - 2020/9
N2 - Eyewitnesses often create face likenesses, which are published in the hope that potential suspects will be reported to the police. Witnesses exposed to another witness's composite, however, may be positively or negatively influenced by such composites. A good likeness may facilitate identification, but a bad likeness that resembles an innocent suspect may lead to a misidentification (“mix-up”). We offer a theoretical review, and comprehensively summarize extant studies descriptively because most studies did not report enough statistical details to warrant a formal meta-analysis. Some studies showed negative exposure effects, particularly when the innocent suspect and composite shared misleading features. Studies that exposed witnesses to “good” composites reported positive or no effects on lineup performance, and some highly powered studies also showed no effect. We outline suggestions for further investigations under ecologically valid conditions. We also make recommendations for investigative practice, and the evaluation of identification evidence by fact finders or courts.
AB - Eyewitnesses often create face likenesses, which are published in the hope that potential suspects will be reported to the police. Witnesses exposed to another witness's composite, however, may be positively or negatively influenced by such composites. A good likeness may facilitate identification, but a bad likeness that resembles an innocent suspect may lead to a misidentification (“mix-up”). We offer a theoretical review, and comprehensively summarize extant studies descriptively because most studies did not report enough statistical details to warrant a formal meta-analysis. Some studies showed negative exposure effects, particularly when the innocent suspect and composite shared misleading features. Studies that exposed witnesses to “good” composites reported positive or no effects on lineup performance, and some highly powered studies also showed no effect. We outline suggestions for further investigations under ecologically valid conditions. We also make recommendations for investigative practice, and the evaluation of identification evidence by fact finders or courts.
KW - eyewitness identification
KW - eyewitness recall
KW - face composites
KW - misinformation effect
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85089197786&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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U2 - 10.1002/acp.3705
DO - 10.1002/acp.3705
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85089197786
VL - 34
SP - 1166
EP - 1179
JO - Applied Cognitive Psychology
JF - Applied Cognitive Psychology
SN - 0888-4080
IS - 5
ER -