Early peri-implant bone loss as a predictor for peri-implantitis: A 10-year prospective cohort study

Simon Windael, Bruno Collaert, Stefanie De Buyser, Hugo De Bruyn, Stijn Vervaeke

Research output: Contribution to JournalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of early bone loss (EBL), on long-term bone stability and future peri-implantitis development. Materials and methods: Patients referred for implant placement between 2005 and 2009 were consecutively treated and followed for 10 years. After 10 years, patients were invited for a scientific diagnostic visit to evaluate implant survival and bone loss. Bone level changes were compared with baseline. Non-parametric testing was performed in cross-tabs (Pearson Chi-square and Fishers's exact test). Kaplan–Meier-estimated survival curves were plotted for different thresholds for EBL at different timepoints. Generalized linear mixed models with binomial distribution and logit link for peri-implantitis were fitted. An adjusted logistic mixed model was made to evaluate peri-implantitis, in relation with smoking status, history of periodontitis, and EBL > 0.5 mm. Results: Four hundred and seven patients (mean age of 64.86 years [range 28–92, SD 10.11]), with 1482 implants, responded to the 10-year recall invitation. After an average follow-up time of 10.66 years (range 10–14, SD 0.87), implant survival was 94.74%. Mean crestal bone loss after 10 years was 0.81 mm (SD 1.58, range 0.00–17.00). One hundred and seventy five implants in 76 patients had peri-implantitis (11.8% on implant level, 18.7% on patient level). EBL of 0.5, 1, and 2 mm were significant predictors for peri-implantitis and implant loss after 10 years. Implants with EBL ≥0.5 mm during the first year of function showed a 5.43 times higher odds for future peri-implantitis development. Probability in developing peri-implantitis was 52.06% when smoking, Periodontal history and EBL of >0.5 mm was combined. Conclusion: The present study suggests that EBL is a predictor for long-term peri-implant pathology, with a significant higher risk for peri-implantitis when early bone loss exceeds the thresholds of 0.5 and 1 mm, especially when additional risk factors such as smoking or susceptibility for periodontal disease prior to implant treatment are present. Clinical trial registration number B670201524796.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)298-308
JournalClinical Implant Dentistry and related research
Volume23
Issue number3
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Jun 2021
Externally publishedYes

Funding

Dr. Bruno Collaert received a research grant from Dentsply Sirona (York, Pennsylvania). Prof. De Bruyn has a collaboration agreement with Dentsply Sirona (York, Pennsylvania). All other authors declare no conflict of interest.

FundersFunder number
Dentsply Sirona

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