Education in Twins and Their Parents Across Birth Cohorts Over 100 years: An Individual-Level Pooled Analysis of 42-Twin Cohorts

Karri Silventoinen; Aline Jelenkovic; Antti Latvala; Reijo Sund; Yoshie Yokoyama; Vilhelmina Ullemar; Catarina Almqvist; Catherine A Derom; Robert F Vlietinck; Ruth J F Loos; Christian Kandler; Chika Honda; Fujio Inui; Yoshinori Iwatani; Mikio Watanabe; Esther Rebato; Maria A Stazi; Corrado Fagnani; Sonia Brescianini; Yoon-Mi Hur; Hoe-Uk Jeong; Tessa L Cutler; John L Hopper; Andreas Busjahn; Kimberly J Saudino; Fuling Ji; Feng Ning; Zengchang Pang; Richard J. Rose; Markku Koskenvuo; Kauko Heikkilä; Wendy Cozen; Amie E Hwang; Thomas M Mack; Sisira H Siribaddana; Matthew Hotopf; Athula Sumathipala; Fruhling Rijsdijk; Joohon Sung; Jina Kim; Jooyeon Lee; Sooji Lee; Tracy L Nelson; Keith E Whitfield; Qihua Tan; Dongfeng Zhang; Clare H Llewellyn; Abigail Fisher; S Alexandra Burt; Kelly L Klump; Ariel Knafo-Noam; David Mankuta; Lior Abramson; Sarah E Medland; Nicholas G Martin; Grant W Montgomery; Patrik K E Magnusson; Nancy L Pedersen; Anna K Dahl Aslan; Robin P Corley; Brooke M Huibregtse; Sevgi Y Öncel; Fazil Aliev; Robert F Krueger; Matt McGue; Shandell Pahlen; Gonneke Willemsen; Meike Bartels; Catharina E M van Beijsterveldt; Judy L Silberg; Lindon J Eaves; Hermine H Maes; Jennifer R Harris; Ingunn Brandt; Thomas Sevenius Nilsen; Finn Rasmussen; Per Tynelius; Laura A Baker; Catherine Tuvblad; Juan R Ordoñana; Juan F Sánchez-Romera; Lucia Colodro-Conde; Margaret Gatz; David A Butler; Paul Lichtenstein; Jack H Goldberg; K Paige Harden; Elliot M Tucker-Drob; Glen E Duncan; Dedra Buchwald; Adam D Tarnoki; David L Tarnoki; Carol E Franz; William S Kremen; Michael J Lyons; José A Maia; Duarte L Freitas; Eric Turkheimer; Thorkild I A Sørensen; Dorret I Boomsma; Jaakko Kaprio

doi:10.1017/thg.2017.49

Education in Twins and Their Parents Across Birth Cohorts Over 100 years: An Individual-Level Pooled Analysis of 42-Twin Cohorts

Karri Silventoinen, Aline Jelenkovic, Antti Latvala, Reijo Sund, Yoshie Yokoyama, Vilhelmina Ullemar, Catarina Almqvist, Catherine A Derom, Robert F Vlietinck, Ruth J F Loos, Christian Kandler, Chika Honda, Fujio Inui, Yoshinori Iwatani, Mikio Watanabe, Esther Rebato, Maria A Stazi, Corrado Fagnani, Sonia Brescianini, Yoon-Mi HurHoe-Uk Jeong, Tessa L Cutler, John L Hopper, Andreas Busjahn, Kimberly J Saudino, Fuling Ji, Feng Ning, Zengchang Pang, Richard J. Rose, Markku Koskenvuo, Kauko Heikkilä, Wendy Cozen, Amie E Hwang, Thomas M Mack, Sisira H Siribaddana, Matthew Hotopf, Athula Sumathipala, Fruhling Rijsdijk, Joohon Sung, Jina Kim, Jooyeon Lee, Sooji Lee, Tracy L Nelson, Keith E Whitfield, Qihua Tan, Dongfeng Zhang, Clare H Llewellyn, Abigail Fisher, S Alexandra Burt, Kelly L Klump, Ariel Knafo-Noam, David Mankuta, Lior Abramson, Sarah E Medland, Nicholas G Martin, Grant W Montgomery, Patrik K E Magnusson, Nancy L Pedersen, Anna K Dahl Aslan, Robin P Corley, Brooke M Huibregtse, Sevgi Y Öncel, Fazil Aliev, Robert F Krueger, Matt McGue, Shandell Pahlen, Gonneke Willemsen, Meike Bartels, Catharina E M van Beijsterveldt, Judy L Silberg, Lindon J Eaves, Hermine H Maes, Jennifer R Harris, Ingunn Brandt, Thomas Sevenius Nilsen, Finn Rasmussen, Per Tynelius, Laura A Baker, Catherine Tuvblad, Juan R Ordoñana, Juan F Sánchez-Romera, Lucia Colodro-Conde, Margaret Gatz, David A Butler, Paul Lichtenstein, Jack H Goldberg, K Paige Harden, Elliot M Tucker-Drob, Glen E Duncan, Dedra Buchwald, Adam D Tarnoki, David L Tarnoki, Carol E Franz, William S Kremen, Michael J Lyons, José A Maia, Duarte L Freitas, Eric Turkheimer, Thorkild I A Sørensen, Dorret I Boomsma, Jaakko Kaprio

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Whether monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins differ from each other in a variety of phenotypes is important for genetic twin modeling and for inferences made from twin studies in general. We analyzed whether there were differences in individual, maternal and paternal education between MZ and DZ twins in a large pooled dataset. Information was gathered on individual education for 218,362 adult twins from 27 twin cohorts (53% females; 39% MZ twins), and on maternal and paternal education for 147,315 and 143,056 twins respectively, from 28 twin cohorts (52% females; 38% MZ twins). Together, we had information on individual or parental education from 42 twin cohorts representing 19 countries. The original education classifications were transformed to education years and analyzed using linear regression models. Overall, MZ males had 0.26 (95% CI [0.21, 0.31]) years and MZ females 0.17 (95% CI [0.12, 0.21]) years longer education than DZ twins. The zygosity difference became smaller in more recent birth cohorts for both males and females. Parental education was somewhat longer for fathers of DZ twins in cohorts born in 1990-1999 (0.16 years, 95% CI [0.08, 0.25]) and 2000 or later (0.11 years, 95% CI [0.00, 0.22]), compared with fathers of MZ twins. The results show that the years of both individual and parental education are largely similar in MZ and DZ twins. We suggest that the socio-economic differences between MZ and DZ twins are so small that inferences based upon genetic modeling of twin data are not affected.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	395-405
Number of pages	11
Journal	Twin Research and Human Genetics
Volume	20
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1017/thg.2017.49
Publication status	Published - Oct 2017

Funding

Health (1R01ESO15150-01). The Carolina African American Twin Study of Aging (CAATSA) was funded by a grant from the National Institute on Aging (grant 1RO1-AG13662-01A2) to K. E. Whitfield. The CATSS-Study is supported by the Swedish Research Council through the Swedish Initiative for Research on Microdata in the Social And Medical Sciences (SIMSAM) framework grant no 340-2013-5867, grants provided by the Stockholm County Council (ALF-projects), the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation and the Swedish Asthma and Allergy Association’s Research Foundation. Colorado Twin Registry is funded by NIDA funded center grant DA011015 and Longitudinal Twin Study HD10333; Author Huibregtse is supported by 5T32DA017637-11. Since its origin, the East Flanders Prospective Survey has been partly supported by grants from the Fund of Scientific Research, Flanders and Twins, a non-profit Association for Scientific Research in Multiple Births (Belgium). Data collection and analyses in Finnish twin cohorts have been supported by ENGAGE — European Network for Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology, FP7-HEALTH-F4-2007, grant agreement number 201413, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (grants AA-12502, AA-00145, and AA-09203 to R J Rose, the Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics (grant numbers: 213506, 129680), and the Academy of Finland (grants 100499, 205585, 118555, 141054, 265240, 263278, and 264146 to J Kaprio). Gemini was supported by a grant from Cancer Research UK (C1418/A7974). Anthropometric measurements of the Hungarian twins were supported by Medexpert Ltd., Budapest, Hungary. Korean Twin-Family Register was supported by the Global Research Network Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF 2011-220-E00006). Longitudinal Israeli Study of Twins was funded by the Starting Grant no. 240994 from the European Research Council (ERC) to Ariel Knafo. The Michigan State University Twin Registry has been supported by Michigan State University, as well as grants R01-MH081813, R01-MH0820-54, R01-MH092377-02, R21-MH070542-01, R03-MH63851-01 from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), R01-HD066040 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), and 11-SPG-2518 from the MSU Foundation. The content of this manuscript is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIMH, the NICHD, or the National Institutes of Health. The Murcia Twin Registry is supported by Fundación Séneca, Regional Agency for Science and Technology, Murcia, Spain (08633/PHCS/08, 15302/PHCS/10 & 19479/PI/14) and Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain (PSI2009-11560 & PSI2014-56680-R). The NAS-NRC Twin Registry acknowledges financial support from the National Institutes of Health grant number R21 AG039572. Netherlands Twin Register acknowledges the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) and MagW/ZonMW grants 904-61-090, 985-10-002, 912-10-020, 904-61-193,480-04-004, 463-06-001, 451-04-034, 400-05-717, Addiction-31160008, Middelgroot-911-09-032, Spinozapremie 56-464-14192; VU University’s Institute for Health and Care Research (EMGO+); the European Research Council (ERC - 230374), the Avera Institute, Sioux Falls, South Dakota (USA). Madeira data comes from the following project: Genetic and environmental influences on physical activity, fitness, and health: the Madeira family study. Project reference: POCI/DES/56834/2004. Founded by the Portuguese agency for research (The Foundation for Science and Technology [FCT]). South Korea Twin Registry is supported by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-371-2011-1 B00047). The Texas Twin Project is currently funded by grants AA023322 and HD081437 from the National Institutes of Health. S. Y. Öncel and F. Aliev are supported by Kırıkkale University Research Grant: KKU, 2009/43 and TUBITAK grant 114C117. Washington State Twin Registry (formerly the University of Washington Twin Registry) was supported in part by grant NIH RC2 HL103416 (D. Buch-wald, PI). Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging was supported by National Institute of Health grants NIA R01 AG018384, R01 AG018386, R01 AG022381, and R01 AG022982, and, in part, with resources of the VA San Diego Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health. The Cooperative Studies Program of the Office of Research & Development of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs has provided financial support for the development and maintenance of the Vietnam Era Twin (VET) Registry. The content of this manuscript is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the off icial views of the NIA/NIH, or the VA. The West Japan Twins and Higher Order Multiple Births Registry was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (grant number 15H05105) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. The University of Southern California Twin Study is funded by a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH58354). Osaka University Aged Twin Registry is supported by grants from JSPS KAKENHI JP (23593419, 24792601, 26671010, 24590695, 26293128, 16K15385, 16K15978, 16K15989, 16H03261). This study was conducted within the CODATwins project (Academy of Finland #266592). The Australian Twin Registry is supported by a Centre of Research Excellence (grant ID 1079102) from the National Health and Medical Research Council administered by the University of Melbourne. The Boston University Twin Project is funded by grants (#R01 HD068435 #R01 MH062375) from the National Institutes of Health to K. Saudino. California Twin Program was supported by The California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program (7RT-0134H, 8RT-0107H, 6RT-0354H) and the National Institutes of

Funders	Funder number
Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics	213506, 129680
American Twin Study of Aging
Avera Institute	POCI/DES/56834/2004
ENGAGE
East Flanders Prospective Survey
European Network for Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology	FP7-HEALTH-F4-2007, 201413
Fund of Scientific Research, Flanders and Twins
JSPS KAKENHI JP	16K15989, 24590695, 16H03261, 16K15385, 26293128, 23593419, 26671010, 24792601
Kırıkkale University Research
MSU Foundation
Medexpert Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
NAS-NRC	R21 AG039572
NIA/NIH
Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research
Office of Research & Development of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs has
Portuguese agency for research
Regional Agency for Science and Technology, Murcia, Spain	15302/PHCS/10 & 19479/PI/14, 08633/PHCS/08
Starting	240994
Swedish Asthma and Allergy Association’s Research Foundation
Swedish Initiative for Research on Microdata in the Social And Medical Sciences	340-2013-5867
TUBITAK	114C117
The Foundation for Science and Technology
University of Washington Twin Registry	NIH RC2 HL103416
VA San Diego Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health
VU University’s	ERC - 230374
Vietnam Era Twin
Washington State Twin Registry
West Japan Twins
National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Mental Health	R21MH070542, R01-HD066040
National Institute on Drug Abuse	5T32DA017637-11, DA011015, HD10333
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism	AA-00145, AA-09203, AA-12502
National Institute on Aging	1RO1-AG13662-01A2
Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program	6RT-0354H, 8RT-0107H, 7RT-0134H
University of Southern California	R01 MH58354
Fuel Cell Technologies Program
Boston University	01 HD068435 #R01 MH062375
Michigan State University	R01-MH0820-54, R21-MH070542-01, R01-MH092377-02, R01-MH081813, R03-MH63851-01
Fundación Séneca
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development	11-SPG-2518
National Research Foundation	NRF 2011-220-E00006
Cancer Research UK	C1418/A7974
European Research Council
National Health and Medical Research Council
Ministry of Science and Innovation, New Zealand	PSI2009-11560, PSI2014-56680-R
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science	16K15978, 15H05105
University of Melbourne
Academy of Finland	141054, 264146, 205585, 118555, 263278, 266592, 265240, 100499
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek	Addiction-31160008, 463-06-001, 904-61-090, 904-61-193,480-04-004, 400-05-717, 451-04-034, Middelgroot-911-09-032, Spinozapremie 56-464-14192, 985-10-002, 912-10-020
Korea National Institute of Health	NIA R01 AG018384, R01 AG022381, R01 AG022982, R01 AG018386
National Research Foundation of Korea	AA023322, NRF-371-2011-1 B00047, HD081437
Hjärt-Lungfonden
Khon Kaen University	2009/43
Osaka University
Stockholms Läns Landsting
Vetenskapsrådet
BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford	ID 1079102
non-profit Association for Scientific Research in Multiple Births

Keywords

Journal Article

Cohort Studies

Netherlands Twin Register (NTR)

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1017/thg.2017.49

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Silventoinen, K., Jelenkovic, A., Latvala, A., Sund, R., Yokoyama, Y., Ullemar, V., Almqvist, C., Derom, C. A., Vlietinck, R. F., Loos, R. J. F., Kandler, C., Honda, C., Inui, F., Iwatani, Y., Watanabe, M., Rebato, E., Stazi, M. A., Fagnani, C., Brescianini, S., ... Kaprio, J. (2017). Education in Twins and Their Parents Across Birth Cohorts Over 100 years: An Individual-Level Pooled Analysis of 42-Twin Cohorts. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 20(5), 395-405. https://doi.org/10.1017/thg.2017.49

@article{fe7f9b0a9cfb423c90ef46429e1c2239,

title = "Education in Twins and Their Parents Across Birth Cohorts Over 100 years: An Individual-Level Pooled Analysis of 42-Twin Cohorts",

abstract = "Whether monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins differ from each other in a variety of phenotypes is important for genetic twin modeling and for inferences made from twin studies in general. We analyzed whether there were differences in individual, maternal and paternal education between MZ and DZ twins in a large pooled dataset. Information was gathered on individual education for 218,362 adult twins from 27 twin cohorts (53% females; 39% MZ twins), and on maternal and paternal education for 147,315 and 143,056 twins respectively, from 28 twin cohorts (52% females; 38% MZ twins). Together, we had information on individual or parental education from 42 twin cohorts representing 19 countries. The original education classifications were transformed to education years and analyzed using linear regression models. Overall, MZ males had 0.26 (95% CI [0.21, 0.31]) years and MZ females 0.17 (95% CI [0.12, 0.21]) years longer education than DZ twins. The zygosity difference became smaller in more recent birth cohorts for both males and females. Parental education was somewhat longer for fathers of DZ twins in cohorts born in 1990-1999 (0.16 years, 95% CI [0.08, 0.25]) and 2000 or later (0.11 years, 95% CI [0.00, 0.22]), compared with fathers of MZ twins. The results show that the years of both individual and parental education are largely similar in MZ and DZ twins. We suggest that the socio-economic differences between MZ and DZ twins are so small that inferences based upon genetic modeling of twin data are not affected.",

keywords = "Journal Article",

author = "Karri Silventoinen and Aline Jelenkovic and Antti Latvala and Reijo Sund and Yoshie Yokoyama and Vilhelmina Ullemar and Catarina Almqvist and Derom, {Catherine A} and Vlietinck, {Robert F} and Loos, {Ruth J F} and Christian Kandler and Chika Honda and Fujio Inui and Yoshinori Iwatani and Mikio Watanabe and Esther Rebato and Stazi, {Maria A} and Corrado Fagnani and Sonia Brescianini and Yoon-Mi Hur and Hoe-Uk Jeong and Cutler, {Tessa L} and Hopper, {John L} and Andreas Busjahn and Saudino, {Kimberly J} and Fuling Ji and Feng Ning and Zengchang Pang and Rose, {Richard J.} and Markku Koskenvuo and Kauko Heikkil{\"a} and Wendy Cozen and Hwang, {Amie E} and Mack, {Thomas M} and Siribaddana, {Sisira H} and Matthew Hotopf and Athula Sumathipala and Fruhling Rijsdijk and Joohon Sung and Jina Kim and Jooyeon Lee and Sooji Lee and Nelson, {Tracy L} and Whitfield, {Keith E} and Qihua Tan and Dongfeng Zhang and Llewellyn, {Clare H} and Abigail Fisher and Burt, {S Alexandra} and Klump, {Kelly L} and Ariel Knafo-Noam and David Mankuta and Lior Abramson and Medland, {Sarah E} and Martin, {Nicholas G} and Montgomery, {Grant W} and Magnusson, {Patrik K E} and Pedersen, {Nancy L} and {Dahl Aslan}, {Anna K} and Corley, {Robin P} and Huibregtse, {Brooke M} and {\"O}ncel, {Sevgi Y} and Fazil Aliev and Krueger, {Robert F} and Matt McGue and Shandell Pahlen and Gonneke Willemsen and Meike Bartels and {van Beijsterveldt}, {Catharina E M} and Silberg, {Judy L} and Eaves, {Lindon J} and Maes, {Hermine H} and Harris, {Jennifer R} and Ingunn Brandt and Nilsen, {Thomas Sevenius} and Finn Rasmussen and Per Tynelius and Baker, {Laura A} and Catherine Tuvblad and Ordo{\~n}ana, {Juan R} and S{\'a}nchez-Romera, {Juan F} and Lucia Colodro-Conde and Margaret Gatz and Butler, {David A} and Paul Lichtenstein and Goldberg, {Jack H} and Harden, {K Paige} and Tucker-Drob, {Elliot M} and Duncan, {Glen E} and Dedra Buchwald and Tarnoki, {Adam D} and Tarnoki, {David L} and Franz, {Carol E} and Kremen, {William S} and Lyons, {Michael J} and Maia, {Jos{\'e} A} and Freitas, {Duarte L} and Eric Turkheimer and S{\o}rensen, {Thorkild I A} and Boomsma, {Dorret I} and Jaakko Kaprio",

year = "2017",

month = oct,

doi = "10.1017/thg.2017.49",

language = "English",

volume = "20",

pages = "395--405",

journal = "Twin Research and Human Genetics",

issn = "1832-4274",

publisher = "Australian Academic Press",

number = "5",

}

Silventoinen, K, Jelenkovic, A, Latvala, A, Sund, R, Yokoyama, Y, Ullemar, V, Almqvist, C, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJF, Kandler, C, Honda, C, Inui, F, Iwatani, Y, Watanabe, M, Rebato, E, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, Brescianini, S, Hur, Y-M, Jeong, H-U, Cutler, TL, Hopper, JL, Busjahn, A, Saudino, KJ, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Rose, RJ, Koskenvuo, M, Heikkilä, K, Cozen, W, Hwang, AE, Mack, TM, Siribaddana, SH, Hotopf, M, Sumathipala, A, Rijsdijk, F, Sung, J, Kim, J, Lee, J, Lee, S, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Tan, Q, Zhang, D, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Medland, SE, Martin, NG, Montgomery, GW, Magnusson, PKE, Pedersen, NL, Dahl Aslan, AK, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Öncel, SY, Aliev, F, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Willemsen, G , Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, CEM, Silberg, JL, Eaves, LJ, Maes, HH, Harris, JR, Brandt, I, Nilsen, TS, Rasmussen, F, Tynelius, P, Baker, LA, Tuvblad, C, Ordoñana, JR, Sánchez-Romera, JF, Colodro-Conde, L, Gatz, M, Butler, DA, Lichtenstein, P, Goldberg, JH, Harden, KP, Tucker-Drob, EM, Duncan, GE, Buchwald, D, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Franz, CE, Kremen, WS, Lyons, MJ, Maia, JA, Freitas, DL, Turkheimer, E, Sørensen, TIA, Boomsma, DI & Kaprio, J 2017, 'Education in Twins and Their Parents Across Birth Cohorts Over 100 years: An Individual-Level Pooled Analysis of 42-Twin Cohorts', Twin Research and Human Genetics, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 395-405. https://doi.org/10.1017/thg.2017.49

TY - JOUR

T1 - Education in Twins and Their Parents Across Birth Cohorts Over 100 years

T2 - An Individual-Level Pooled Analysis of 42-Twin Cohorts

AU - Silventoinen, Karri

AU - Jelenkovic, Aline

AU - Latvala, Antti

AU - Sund, Reijo

AU - Yokoyama, Yoshie

AU - Ullemar, Vilhelmina

AU - Almqvist, Catarina

AU - Derom, Catherine A

AU - Vlietinck, Robert F

AU - Loos, Ruth J F

AU - Kandler, Christian

AU - Honda, Chika

AU - Inui, Fujio

AU - Iwatani, Yoshinori

AU - Watanabe, Mikio

AU - Rebato, Esther

AU - Stazi, Maria A

AU - Fagnani, Corrado

AU - Brescianini, Sonia

AU - Hur, Yoon-Mi

AU - Jeong, Hoe-Uk

AU - Cutler, Tessa L

AU - Hopper, John L

AU - Busjahn, Andreas

AU - Saudino, Kimberly J

AU - Ji, Fuling

AU - Ning, Feng

AU - Pang, Zengchang

AU - Rose, Richard J.

AU - Koskenvuo, Markku

AU - Heikkilä, Kauko

AU - Cozen, Wendy

AU - Hwang, Amie E

AU - Mack, Thomas M

AU - Siribaddana, Sisira H

AU - Hotopf, Matthew

AU - Sumathipala, Athula

AU - Rijsdijk, Fruhling

AU - Sung, Joohon

AU - Kim, Jina

AU - Lee, Jooyeon

AU - Lee, Sooji

AU - Nelson, Tracy L

AU - Whitfield, Keith E

AU - Tan, Qihua

AU - Zhang, Dongfeng

AU - Llewellyn, Clare H

AU - Fisher, Abigail

AU - Burt, S Alexandra

AU - Klump, Kelly L

AU - Knafo-Noam, Ariel

AU - Mankuta, David

AU - Abramson, Lior

AU - Medland, Sarah E

AU - Martin, Nicholas G

AU - Montgomery, Grant W

AU - Magnusson, Patrik K E

AU - Pedersen, Nancy L

AU - Dahl Aslan, Anna K

AU - Corley, Robin P

AU - Huibregtse, Brooke M

AU - Öncel, Sevgi Y

AU - Aliev, Fazil

AU - Krueger, Robert F

AU - McGue, Matt

AU - Pahlen, Shandell

AU - Willemsen, Gonneke

AU - Bartels, Meike

AU - van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E M

AU - Silberg, Judy L

AU - Eaves, Lindon J

AU - Maes, Hermine H

AU - Harris, Jennifer R

AU - Brandt, Ingunn

AU - Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius

AU - Rasmussen, Finn

AU - Tynelius, Per

AU - Baker, Laura A

AU - Tuvblad, Catherine

AU - Ordoñana, Juan R

AU - Sánchez-Romera, Juan F

AU - Colodro-Conde, Lucia

AU - Gatz, Margaret

AU - Butler, David A

AU - Lichtenstein, Paul

AU - Goldberg, Jack H

AU - Harden, K Paige

AU - Tucker-Drob, Elliot M

AU - Duncan, Glen E

AU - Buchwald, Dedra

AU - Tarnoki, Adam D

AU - Tarnoki, David L

AU - Franz, Carol E

AU - Kremen, William S

AU - Lyons, Michael J

AU - Maia, José A

AU - Freitas, Duarte L

AU - Turkheimer, Eric

AU - Sørensen, Thorkild I A

AU - Boomsma, Dorret I

AU - Kaprio, Jaakko

PY - 2017/10

Y1 - 2017/10

N2 - Whether monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins differ from each other in a variety of phenotypes is important for genetic twin modeling and for inferences made from twin studies in general. We analyzed whether there were differences in individual, maternal and paternal education between MZ and DZ twins in a large pooled dataset. Information was gathered on individual education for 218,362 adult twins from 27 twin cohorts (53% females; 39% MZ twins), and on maternal and paternal education for 147,315 and 143,056 twins respectively, from 28 twin cohorts (52% females; 38% MZ twins). Together, we had information on individual or parental education from 42 twin cohorts representing 19 countries. The original education classifications were transformed to education years and analyzed using linear regression models. Overall, MZ males had 0.26 (95% CI [0.21, 0.31]) years and MZ females 0.17 (95% CI [0.12, 0.21]) years longer education than DZ twins. The zygosity difference became smaller in more recent birth cohorts for both males and females. Parental education was somewhat longer for fathers of DZ twins in cohorts born in 1990-1999 (0.16 years, 95% CI [0.08, 0.25]) and 2000 or later (0.11 years, 95% CI [0.00, 0.22]), compared with fathers of MZ twins. The results show that the years of both individual and parental education are largely similar in MZ and DZ twins. We suggest that the socio-economic differences between MZ and DZ twins are so small that inferences based upon genetic modeling of twin data are not affected.

AB - Whether monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins differ from each other in a variety of phenotypes is important for genetic twin modeling and for inferences made from twin studies in general. We analyzed whether there were differences in individual, maternal and paternal education between MZ and DZ twins in a large pooled dataset. Information was gathered on individual education for 218,362 adult twins from 27 twin cohorts (53% females; 39% MZ twins), and on maternal and paternal education for 147,315 and 143,056 twins respectively, from 28 twin cohorts (52% females; 38% MZ twins). Together, we had information on individual or parental education from 42 twin cohorts representing 19 countries. The original education classifications were transformed to education years and analyzed using linear regression models. Overall, MZ males had 0.26 (95% CI [0.21, 0.31]) years and MZ females 0.17 (95% CI [0.12, 0.21]) years longer education than DZ twins. The zygosity difference became smaller in more recent birth cohorts for both males and females. Parental education was somewhat longer for fathers of DZ twins in cohorts born in 1990-1999 (0.16 years, 95% CI [0.08, 0.25]) and 2000 or later (0.11 years, 95% CI [0.00, 0.22]), compared with fathers of MZ twins. The results show that the years of both individual and parental education are largely similar in MZ and DZ twins. We suggest that the socio-economic differences between MZ and DZ twins are so small that inferences based upon genetic modeling of twin data are not affected.

KW - Journal Article

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85032577965&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85032577965&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1017/thg.2017.49

DO - 10.1017/thg.2017.49

M3 - Article

C2 - 28975875

SN - 1832-4274

VL - 20

SP - 395

EP - 405

JO - Twin Research and Human Genetics

JF - Twin Research and Human Genetics

IS - 5

ER -

Education in Twins and Their Parents Across Birth Cohorts Over 100 years: An Individual-Level Pooled Analysis of 42-Twin Cohorts

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Cohort Studies

UN SDGs

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