Effect of printing layer orientation and polishing on the fatigue strength of 3D-printed dental zirconia

Yuqing Lu; Li Wang; Amanda Maria de Oliveira Dal Piva; João Paulo Mendes Tribst; Stevan M. Čokić; Fei Zhang; Arie Werner; Cornelis J. Kleverlaan; Albert J. Feilzer

doi:10.1016/j.dental.2023.11.007

Effect of printing layer orientation and polishing on the fatigue strength of 3D-printed dental zirconia

Yuqing Lu
, Li Wang
, Amanda Maria de Oliveira Dal Piva
, João Paulo Mendes Tribst^*
, Stevan M. Čokić
, Fei Zhang
, Arie Werner
, Cornelis J. Kleverlaan
, Albert J. Feilzer

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of surface polishing and printing layer orientation on the fatigue behaviour of 3 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (3Y-TZP) by stereolithography (SLA) in comparison with subtractive manufacturing. Materials and methods: 60 experimental zirconia bar-shaped specimens were 3D-printed (P) via SLA, and 30 specimens were milled (M) from commercial zirconia block (Lava™ Frame, 3 M ESPE AG). All specimens had the same dimensions (1 mm × 1 mm x 12 mm) after sintering. The 3D-printed specimens were randomly divided according to printing orientations: parallel or perpendicular to the tensile surface in the fatigue test. The specimens were subsequently submitted to two surface finishing protocols (n = 15/gr): unpolished or polished. Their phase compositions were analysed by X-ray diffraction. The fatigue behaviour was evaluated by a stepwise approach. Results: The milled and both 3D-printed groups showed similar phase compositions for the as-sintered condition. Considerable amounts of rhombohedral phase were detected after polishing. Milled unpolished samples presented significantly higher fatigue strength than 3D-printed unpolished samples. Polishing did not improve the fatigue strength for milled zirconia but was advantageous for the 3D-printed specimens. 3D-printed specimens with parallel printing-layer orientation were significantly stronger than specimens with perpendicular layers regardless of surface finishing. Conclusion: The manufacturing techniques had a significant influence on the fatigue strength of 3Y-TZP, but not on the phase compositions of the surface. The polishing protocol showed different effects on 3Y-TZP fatigue strength and induced phase transition of the 3Y-TZP from Tetragonal to Rhombohedral. The best fatigue strength was achieved through milling using an unpolished surface and SLA-printed layers that were parallel to the tensile surface, followed by polishing.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	190-197
Number of pages	8
Journal	Dental Materials
Volume	40
Issue number	2
Early online date	17 Nov 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2023.11.007
Publication status	Published - Feb 2024

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors

Funding

Yuqing Lu gratefully thanks China Scholarship Council for supporting her Ph.D. study (No. 202006240085). Li Wang appreciates the Innovative and Entrepreneurial Ph.D. Program of Jiangsu Province (No. JSSCBS20210836) and the Youth Program of Jiangnan University (No. JUSRP121038). The authors thank Jingkezhirong Company (Jiangsu, China) for supplying the paste. Yuqing Lu gratefully thanks China Scholarship Council for supporting her Ph.D. study (No. 202006240085 ). Li Wang appreciates the Innovative and Entrepreneurial Ph.D. Program of Jiangsu Province (No. JSSCBS20210836 ) and the Youth Program of Jiangnan University (No. JUSRP121038 ). The authors thank Jingkezhirong Company (Jiangsu, China) for supplying the paste.

Funders	Funder number
Jingkezhirong Company
Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province	JSSCBS20210836
Youth Program of Jiangnan University	JUSRP121038
China Scholarship Council	202006240085

Keywords

3D printing
Fatigue
Stereolithography
Vat photopolymerization
X-ray diffraction
Zirconia

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@article{6a54db8aceef4c57bdc85630569caf7f,

title = "Effect of printing layer orientation and polishing on the fatigue strength of 3D-printed dental zirconia",

abstract = "Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of surface polishing and printing layer orientation on the fatigue behaviour of 3 mol\% yttria-stabilized zirconia (3Y-TZP) by stereolithography (SLA) in comparison with subtractive manufacturing. Materials and methods: 60 experimental zirconia bar-shaped specimens were 3D-printed (P) via SLA, and 30 specimens were milled (M) from commercial zirconia block (Lava{\texttrademark} Frame, 3 M ESPE AG). All specimens had the same dimensions (1 mm × 1 mm x 12 mm) after sintering. The 3D-printed specimens were randomly divided according to printing orientations: parallel or perpendicular to the tensile surface in the fatigue test. The specimens were subsequently submitted to two surface finishing protocols (n = 15/gr): unpolished or polished. Their phase compositions were analysed by X-ray diffraction. The fatigue behaviour was evaluated by a stepwise approach. Results: The milled and both 3D-printed groups showed similar phase compositions for the as-sintered condition. Considerable amounts of rhombohedral phase were detected after polishing. Milled unpolished samples presented significantly higher fatigue strength than 3D-printed unpolished samples. Polishing did not improve the fatigue strength for milled zirconia but was advantageous for the 3D-printed specimens. 3D-printed specimens with parallel printing-layer orientation were significantly stronger than specimens with perpendicular layers regardless of surface finishing. Conclusion: The manufacturing techniques had a significant influence on the fatigue strength of 3Y-TZP, but not on the phase compositions of the surface. The polishing protocol showed different effects on 3Y-TZP fatigue strength and induced phase transition of the 3Y-TZP from Tetragonal to Rhombohedral. The best fatigue strength was achieved through milling using an unpolished surface and SLA-printed layers that were parallel to the tensile surface, followed by polishing.",

keywords = "3D printing, Fatigue, Stereolithography, Vat photopolymerization, X-ray diffraction, Zirconia",

author = "Yuqing Lu and Li Wang and \{Dal Piva\}, \{Amanda Maria de Oliveira\} and Tribst, \{Jo{\~a}o Paulo Mendes\} and {\v C}oki{\'c}, \{Stevan M.\} and Fei Zhang and Arie Werner and Kleverlaan, \{Cornelis J.\} and Feilzer, \{Albert J.\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Authors",

year = "2024",

month = feb,

doi = "10.1016/j.dental.2023.11.007",

language = "English",

volume = "40",

pages = "190--197",

journal = "Dental Materials",

issn = "0109-5641",

publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",

number = "2",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Effect of printing layer orientation and polishing on the fatigue strength of 3D-printed dental zirconia

AU - Lu, Yuqing

AU - Wang, Li

AU - Dal Piva, Amanda Maria de Oliveira

AU - Tribst, João Paulo Mendes

AU - Čokić, Stevan M.

AU - Zhang, Fei

AU - Werner, Arie

AU - Kleverlaan, Cornelis J.

AU - Feilzer, Albert J.

PY - 2024/2

Y1 - 2024/2

N2 - Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of surface polishing and printing layer orientation on the fatigue behaviour of 3 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (3Y-TZP) by stereolithography (SLA) in comparison with subtractive manufacturing. Materials and methods: 60 experimental zirconia bar-shaped specimens were 3D-printed (P) via SLA, and 30 specimens were milled (M) from commercial zirconia block (Lava™ Frame, 3 M ESPE AG). All specimens had the same dimensions (1 mm × 1 mm x 12 mm) after sintering. The 3D-printed specimens were randomly divided according to printing orientations: parallel or perpendicular to the tensile surface in the fatigue test. The specimens were subsequently submitted to two surface finishing protocols (n = 15/gr): unpolished or polished. Their phase compositions were analysed by X-ray diffraction. The fatigue behaviour was evaluated by a stepwise approach. Results: The milled and both 3D-printed groups showed similar phase compositions for the as-sintered condition. Considerable amounts of rhombohedral phase were detected after polishing. Milled unpolished samples presented significantly higher fatigue strength than 3D-printed unpolished samples. Polishing did not improve the fatigue strength for milled zirconia but was advantageous for the 3D-printed specimens. 3D-printed specimens with parallel printing-layer orientation were significantly stronger than specimens with perpendicular layers regardless of surface finishing. Conclusion: The manufacturing techniques had a significant influence on the fatigue strength of 3Y-TZP, but not on the phase compositions of the surface. The polishing protocol showed different effects on 3Y-TZP fatigue strength and induced phase transition of the 3Y-TZP from Tetragonal to Rhombohedral. The best fatigue strength was achieved through milling using an unpolished surface and SLA-printed layers that were parallel to the tensile surface, followed by polishing.

AB - Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of surface polishing and printing layer orientation on the fatigue behaviour of 3 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (3Y-TZP) by stereolithography (SLA) in comparison with subtractive manufacturing. Materials and methods: 60 experimental zirconia bar-shaped specimens were 3D-printed (P) via SLA, and 30 specimens were milled (M) from commercial zirconia block (Lava™ Frame, 3 M ESPE AG). All specimens had the same dimensions (1 mm × 1 mm x 12 mm) after sintering. The 3D-printed specimens were randomly divided according to printing orientations: parallel or perpendicular to the tensile surface in the fatigue test. The specimens were subsequently submitted to two surface finishing protocols (n = 15/gr): unpolished or polished. Their phase compositions were analysed by X-ray diffraction. The fatigue behaviour was evaluated by a stepwise approach. Results: The milled and both 3D-printed groups showed similar phase compositions for the as-sintered condition. Considerable amounts of rhombohedral phase were detected after polishing. Milled unpolished samples presented significantly higher fatigue strength than 3D-printed unpolished samples. Polishing did not improve the fatigue strength for milled zirconia but was advantageous for the 3D-printed specimens. 3D-printed specimens with parallel printing-layer orientation were significantly stronger than specimens with perpendicular layers regardless of surface finishing. Conclusion: The manufacturing techniques had a significant influence on the fatigue strength of 3Y-TZP, but not on the phase compositions of the surface. The polishing protocol showed different effects on 3Y-TZP fatigue strength and induced phase transition of the 3Y-TZP from Tetragonal to Rhombohedral. The best fatigue strength was achieved through milling using an unpolished surface and SLA-printed layers that were parallel to the tensile surface, followed by polishing.

KW - 3D printing

KW - Fatigue

KW - Stereolithography

KW - Vat photopolymerization

KW - X-ray diffraction

KW - Zirconia

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UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85177059467#tab=citedBy

U2 - 10.1016/j.dental.2023.11.007

DO - 10.1016/j.dental.2023.11.007

M3 - Article

C2 - 37977991

AN - SCOPUS:85177059467

SN - 0109-5641

VL - 40

SP - 190

EP - 197

JO - Dental Materials

JF - Dental Materials

IS - 2

ER -

Effect of printing layer orientation and polishing on the fatigue strength of 3D-printed dental zirconia

Abstract

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Keywords

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