Effectiveness of universal multiple-risk lifestyle interventions in reducing depressive symptoms: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Irene Gómez-Gómez, Juan Bellón*, Davinia María Resurrección, Pim Cuijpers, Patricia Moreno-Peral, Alina Rigabert, José Ángel Maderuelo-Fernández, Emma Motrico

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to JournalReview articleAcademicpeer-review

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Abstract

Though many studies have explored the association between single-risk lifestyle interventions and depression, unhealthy lifestyle factors often co-occur, with adults engaging in two or more risk behaviours. To date, little is known about the effectiveness of universal multiple-risk lifestyle interventions to reduce depressive symptoms. We conducted a SR/MA to assess the effectiveness of universal multiple-risk lifestyle interventions (by promoting a healthy diet, physical activity and/or smoking cessation) to reduce depressive symptoms in adults. We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, WOS, OpenGrey, the ICTRP and other sources from inception to 16 September 2019. We selected only randomized controlled trials, with no restrictions on language or setting. Our outcome was the reduction of depressive symptoms. We calculated the standardized mean difference using random-effect models. Sensitivity, sub-group and meta-regression analyses were performed. Of the 9386 abstracts reviewed, 311 were selected for full-text review. Of these, 23 RCTs met the inclusion criteria, including 7558 patients from four continents. Twenty RCTs provided valid data for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The pooled SMD was −0.184 (95% CI, −0.311 to −0.057; p = 0.005). We found no publication bias, but heterogeneity was substantial (I2 = 72%; 95% CI: 56% to 82%). The effectiveness disappeared when only studies with a low risk of bias were included. The quality of evidence according GRADE was low. Although a small preventive effect was found, the substantial heterogeneity and RCTs with lower risk of bias suggested no effectiveness of universal multiple-risk lifestyle interventions in reducing depressive symptoms in a varied adult population. Further evidence is required.

Original languageEnglish
Article number106067
Pages (from-to)1-14
Number of pages14
JournalPreventive Medicine
Volume134
Early online date16 Mar 2020
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - May 2020

Funding

This study was supported by the Carlos III Health Institute , the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness via a health research grant ( PI15/00114 ; PI15/01151 ; PI15/00762 ) through the Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Network (redIAPP, RD12/0005/0001 ; RD16/0007/0001 ), and by EU ERDF funds, ( European Regional Development Fund ). This study was supported by the Carlos III Health Institute, the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness via a health research grant (PI15/00114; PI15/01151; PI15/00762) through the Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Network (redIAPP, RD12/0005/0001; RD16/0007/0001), and by EU ERDF funds, (European Regional Development Fund).The authors thank the Universidad Loyola Andalucía and the Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Network for their support.

FundersFunder number
EU ERDF
Universidad Loyola Andalucía
Ministerio de Economía y CompetitividadPI15/01151, RD16/0007/0001, PI15/00762, RD12/0005/0001, PI15/00114
Instituto de Salud Carlos III
European Regional Development Fund

    Keywords

    • Depression symptoms reduction
    • Lifestyle risk reduction
    • Meta-analysis
    • Systematic review

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