Estrogenic and dioxin-like compounds in sediment from Zierikzee harbour identified with CALUX assay-directed fractionation combined with one and two dimensional gas chromatography analyses

C.J. Houtman, P. Booij, E. Jover, D. del Pascual Rio, K. Swart, M. van Velzen, R.J.J. Vreuls, J. Legler, A.M. Brouwer, M. Lamoree

Research output: Contribution to JournalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

The identity of compounds responsible for estrogenic and dioxin-like activities in sediment from the harbour of the small town Zierikzee in Zeeland, The Netherlands, was investigated using a bioassay directed fractionation approach with the in vitro estrogen and dioxin responsive reporter gene assays ER- and DR-CALUX. For identification of compounds exhibiting activity in the bioassays, either one or two-dimensional GC in combination with quadrupole (MSD), ion trap (ITD) or time-of-flight mass spectrometric detection (ToF-MS) was used, depending on the biological and chemical characteristics and the complexity of the fractions. The natural estrogenic hormone 17-β-estradiol and its metabolite estrone were identified with GC-ITD as the main contributors to the estrogenic activity. After successive rounds of fractionation, the dioxin-like activity could be explained by the presence of various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons identified with GC-MSD and two-dimensional comprehensive GC × GC-ToF-MS. Some estrogenic activity of a relatively non-polar nature remained unidentified. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)2244-52
JournalChemosphere
Volume65
Issue number11
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2006

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