Abstract
Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are ubiquitous in the environment and have recently been found in human lungs, blood and placenta. However, data on the possible effects of MNPs on human health is extremely scarce. The potential toxicity of MNPs during pregnancy, a period of increased susceptibility to environmental insults, is of particular concern. The placenta provides a unique interface between maternal and fetal circulation which is essential for in utero survival and healthy pregnancy. Placental toxicokinetics and toxicity of MNPs are still largely unexplored and the limited studies performed up to now focus mainly on polystyrene particles. Practical and ethical considerations limit research options in humans, and extrapolation from animal studies is challenging due to marked differences between species. Nevertheless, diverse in vitro and ex vivo human placental models exist e.g., plasma membrane vesicles, mono-culture and co-culture of placental cells, placenta-on-a-chip, villous tissue explants, and placental perfusion that can be used to advance this research area. The objective of this concise review is to recapitulate different human placental models, summarize the current understanding of placental uptake, transport and toxicity of MNPs and define knowledge gaps. Moreover, we provide perspectives for future research urgently needed to assess the potential hazards and risks of MNP exposure to maternal and fetal health.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 160403 |
Pages (from-to) | 1-17 |
Number of pages | 17 |
Journal | Science of the Total Environment |
Volume | 860 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 20 Feb 2023 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This research was supported by funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under AURORA grant agreement No 964827 ; and the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw) Programme Microplastics and Health and Health-Holland, Top Sector Life Sciences & Health (project MOMENTUM 458001101 ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors
Funding
This research was supported by funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under AURORA grant agreement No 964827 ; and the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw) Programme Microplastics and Health and Health-Holland, Top Sector Life Sciences & Health (project MOMENTUM 458001101 ).
Funders | Funder number |
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Health~Holland | MOMENTUM 458001101 |
Health~Holland | |
ZonMw | |
Horizon 2020 | 964827 |
Horizon 2020 |
Keywords
- In vitro
- Ex vivo
- Placenta
- Microplastics
- Nanoplastics
- Pregnancy