Four-implant-supported overdenture treatment in the maxilla. Part II: Speech- and oral health-related quality of life in patients with implant-supported overdentures in the maxilla—A prospective 3-year follow-up

Background: Implant-supported overdentures (IOD) are becoming a more commonly used treatment in the dental practice and it risks causing speech problems. Purpose: The aim of this study was investigating the changes in speech, satisfaction with speech, and overall oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in edentulous patients during and after treatment with maxillary IODs. Materials and methods: Twenty-one patients receiving an IOD participated in speech assessment. They were examined preoperatively with their conventional denture (CD) with full palatal coverage, after connection of the implant-bar connected denture, without palatal coverage, and 3 years thereafter. The examination included assessment of articulation in speech, OHRQoL based on total OHIP-14, and satisfaction with overall oral health and speech (visual analogue scale). Results: There was a reduction in mean number of articulation disorders from 1.00 at baseline to 0.55 at connection, although statistically insignificant (p = 0.059). Especially the /s/ sound is vulnerable. At 3 years follow-up, still 6/16 (37.5%) of the patients suffered from this speech problem. Overall satisfaction improved from 64.05/100 at baseline to 82.95/100 at connection (p = 0.008) and remained unchanged with 81.69/100 after 3 years follow-up. Patients' satisfaction with speech increased from 70.62/100 with CD to 82.63/100, 3 years follow-up (p = 0.009). Total OHIP-14 decreased from 21.45/56 with CD to 8.00/56 (p < 0.001) with IOD and 6.13/56 3 years after connection (p = 0.001). Significant improvement of all seven domains in OHRQoL was observed with IOD compared to CD. Conclusions: Patients treated with maxillary IODs show improved OHRQoL 3 years after connection of the IOD compared to the CD. Even though patients reported improvement of satisfaction and OHRQoL, articulation disorders were still present, suggesting that patients should be informed about possible speech issues.