Abstract
Cognitive control can involve proactive (preparatory) and reactive (corrective) mechanisms. Using a gaze-contingent eye tracking paradigm combined with fMRI, we investigated the involvement of these different modes of control and their underlying neural networks, when switching between different targets in multiple-target search. Participants simultaneously searched for two possible targets presented among distractors, and selected one of them. In one condition, only one of the targets was available in each display, so that the choice was imposed, and reactive control would be required. In the other condition, both targets were present, giving observers free choice over target selection, and allowing for proactive control. Switch costs emerged only when targets were imposed and not when target selection was free. We found differential levels of activity in the frontoparietal control network depending on whether target switches were free or imposed. Furthermore, we observed core regions of the default mode network to be active during target repetitions, indicating reduced control on these trials. Free and imposed switches jointly activated parietal and posterior frontal cortices, while free switches additionally activated anterior frontal cortices. These findings highlight unique contributions of proactive and reactive control during visual search.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 116133 |
| Pages (from-to) | 1-14 |
| Number of pages | 14 |
| Journal | NeuroImage |
| Volume | 202 |
| Early online date | 28 Aug 2019 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 15 Nov 2019 |
Funding
This work was supported by Open Research Area Grant 464-13-003 from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research and by European Research Council Consolidator Grant ERC-2013-CoG-615423 to C. N. L. Olivers and by Open Research Area grant DFG PO 548/16-1 to S.Pollmann. We would like to thank Renate Blobel-Lüer and Jörg Stadler for technical and practical assistance during data collection and advice during data preprocessing, Michael Hanke and Falko Kaule for assistance during the setup phase of the study, and Tomas Knapen, Gilles de Hollander and especially Brónagh McCoy for valuable discussions about and suggestions for the fMRI analysis and drift diffusion modeling. Appendix A
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| Gilles de Hollander | |
| Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research | |
| Tomas Knapen | |
| European Research Council | DFG PO 548/16-1, ERC-2013-CoG-615423 |
| Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek |
Keywords
- Eye movements
- Functional magnetic resonance imaging
- Proactive cognitive control
- Reactive cognitive control
- Visual attention
- Visual search
