Gait speed as predictor of transition into cognitive impairment: Findings from three longitudinal studies on aging

Emiel O Hoogendijk; Judith J M Rijnhart; Johan Skoog; Annie Robitaille; Ardo van den Hout; Luigi Ferrucci; Martijn Huisman; Ingmar Skoog; Andrea M Piccinin; Scott M Hofer; Graciela Muniz Terrera

doi:10.1016/j.exger.2019.110783

Gait speed as predictor of transition into cognitive impairment: Findings from three longitudinal studies on aging

Emiel O Hoogendijk, Judith J M Rijnhart, Johan Skoog, Annie Robitaille, Ardo van den Hout, Luigi Ferrucci, Martijn Huisman, Ingmar Skoog, Andrea M Piccinin, Scott M Hofer, Graciela Muniz Terrera

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Very few studies looking at slow gait speed as early marker of cognitive decline investigated the competing risk of death. The current study examines associations between slow gait speed and transitions between cognitive states and death in later life.

METHODS: We performed a coordinated analysis of three longitudinal studies with 9 to 25 years of follow-up. Data were used from older adults participating in H70 (Sweden; n = 441; aged ≥70 years), InCHIANTI (Italy; n = 955; aged ≥65 years), and LASA (the Netherlands; n = 2824; aged ≥55 years). Cognitive states were distinguished using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Slow gait speed was defined as the lowest sex-specific quintile at baseline. Multistate models were performed, adjusted for age, sex and education.

RESULTS: Most effect estimates pointed in the same direction, with slow gait speed predicting forward transitions. In two cohort studies, slow gait speed predicted transitioning from mild to severe cognitive impairment (InCHIANTI: HR = 2.08, 95%CI = 1.40-3.07; LASA: HR = 1.33, 95%CI = 1.01-1.75) and transitioning from a cognitively healthy state to death (H70: HR = 3.30, 95%CI = 1.74-6.28; LASA: HR = 1.70, 95%CI = 1.30-2.21).

CONCLUSIONS: Screening for slow gait speed may be useful for identifying older adults at risk of adverse outcomes such as cognitive decline and death. However, once in the stage of more advanced cognitive impairment, slow gait speed does not seem to predict transitioning to death anymore.

Original language	English
Article number	110783
Pages (from-to)	110783
Journal	Experimental Gerontology
Volume	129
Issue number	January
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2019.110783
Publication status	Published - Jan 2020

Bibliographical note

Funding

This research was supported by the U.S. National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number P01AG043362 , Integrative Analysis of Longitudinal Studies of Aging and Dementia (IALSA). This study was in part funded by the Intramural Research Program at the National Institute on Aging . The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. H70 was funded by the Swedish Research Council 2015-02830, Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare (2010-0870, 2013-1202, 2013-2300, 2013-2496, 2013-0475, 2018-00471), Hjärnfonden, Alzheimerfonden, The Alzheimer's Association Stephanie B. Overstreet Scholars (IIRG-00-2159), the Swedish state under the agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF-agreement (ALF 716681). The InCHIANTI study baseline (1998–2000) was funded by the Italian Ministry of Health (ICS110.1/RF97.71) and in part by the U.S. National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland (contracts 236 MD 916413 and 236 MD 821336). The InCHIANTI follow-up 1 (2001−2003) was funded by the U.S. National Institute on Aging (Contracts: N.1-AG-1-1 and N.1-AG-1-2111); the InCHIANTI follow-up 2 and 3 studies (2004–2010) were financed by the U.S. National Institute on Aging (Contract: N01-AG-5-0002). The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) is largely supported by a grant from the Netherlands Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports, Directorate of Long-Term Care. Emiel O. Hoogendijk was supported by an NWO/ZonMw Veni fellowship [grant number 91618067].

Funders	Funder number
Netherlands Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports, Directorate of Long-Term Care
Swedish Government	ALF 716681
ZonMw Veni fellowship	91618067
National Institutes of Health
National Institute on Aging	P01AG043362
Ministero della Salute	ICS110.1/RF97.71, N01-AG-5-0002, 236 MD 916413, 236 MD 821336, N.1-AG-1-2111, N.1-AG-1-1
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Vetenskapsrådet	2015-02830
Forskningsrådet om Hälsa, Arbetsliv och Välfärd	2013-0475, 2010-0870, IIRG-00-2159, 2013-2496, 2013-2300, 2018-00471, 2013-1202

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Hoogendijk, E. O., Rijnhart, J. J. M., Skoog, J., Robitaille, A., van den Hout, A., Ferrucci, L., Huisman, M., Skoog, I., Piccinin, A. M., Hofer, S. M., & Muniz Terrera, G. (2020). Gait speed as predictor of transition into cognitive impairment: Findings from three longitudinal studies on aging. Experimental Gerontology, 129(January), 110783. Article 110783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2019.110783

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title = "Gait speed as predictor of transition into cognitive impairment: Findings from three longitudinal studies on aging",

abstract = "OBJECTIVES: Very few studies looking at slow gait speed as early marker of cognitive decline investigated the competing risk of death. The current study examines associations between slow gait speed and transitions between cognitive states and death in later life.METHODS: We performed a coordinated analysis of three longitudinal studies with 9 to 25 years of follow-up. Data were used from older adults participating in H70 (Sweden; n = 441; aged ≥70 years), InCHIANTI (Italy; n = 955; aged ≥65 years), and LASA (the Netherlands; n = 2824; aged ≥55 years). Cognitive states were distinguished using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Slow gait speed was defined as the lowest sex-specific quintile at baseline. Multistate models were performed, adjusted for age, sex and education.RESULTS: Most effect estimates pointed in the same direction, with slow gait speed predicting forward transitions. In two cohort studies, slow gait speed predicted transitioning from mild to severe cognitive impairment (InCHIANTI: HR = 2.08, 95%CI = 1.40-3.07; LASA: HR = 1.33, 95%CI = 1.01-1.75) and transitioning from a cognitively healthy state to death (H70: HR = 3.30, 95%CI = 1.74-6.28; LASA: HR = 1.70, 95%CI = 1.30-2.21).CONCLUSIONS: Screening for slow gait speed may be useful for identifying older adults at risk of adverse outcomes such as cognitive decline and death. However, once in the stage of more advanced cognitive impairment, slow gait speed does not seem to predict transitioning to death anymore.",

author = "Hoogendijk, {Emiel O} and Rijnhart, {Judith J M} and Johan Skoog and Annie Robitaille and {van den Hout}, Ardo and Luigi Ferrucci and Martijn Huisman and Ingmar Skoog and Piccinin, {Andrea M} and Hofer, {Scott M} and {Muniz Terrera}, Graciela",

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Hoogendijk, EO, Rijnhart, JJM, Skoog, J, Robitaille, A, van den Hout, A, Ferrucci, L, Huisman, M, Skoog, I, Piccinin, AM, Hofer, SM & Muniz Terrera, G 2020, 'Gait speed as predictor of transition into cognitive impairment: Findings from three longitudinal studies on aging', Experimental Gerontology, vol. 129, no. January, 110783, pp. 110783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2019.110783

TY - JOUR

T1 - Gait speed as predictor of transition into cognitive impairment

T2 - Findings from three longitudinal studies on aging

AU - Hoogendijk, Emiel O

AU - Rijnhart, Judith J M

AU - Skoog, Johan

AU - Robitaille, Annie

AU - van den Hout, Ardo

AU - Ferrucci, Luigi

AU - Huisman, Martijn

AU - Skoog, Ingmar

AU - Piccinin, Andrea M

AU - Hofer, Scott M

AU - Muniz Terrera, Graciela

PY - 2020/1

Y1 - 2020/1

N2 - OBJECTIVES: Very few studies looking at slow gait speed as early marker of cognitive decline investigated the competing risk of death. The current study examines associations between slow gait speed and transitions between cognitive states and death in later life.METHODS: We performed a coordinated analysis of three longitudinal studies with 9 to 25 years of follow-up. Data were used from older adults participating in H70 (Sweden; n = 441; aged ≥70 years), InCHIANTI (Italy; n = 955; aged ≥65 years), and LASA (the Netherlands; n = 2824; aged ≥55 years). Cognitive states were distinguished using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Slow gait speed was defined as the lowest sex-specific quintile at baseline. Multistate models were performed, adjusted for age, sex and education.RESULTS: Most effect estimates pointed in the same direction, with slow gait speed predicting forward transitions. In two cohort studies, slow gait speed predicted transitioning from mild to severe cognitive impairment (InCHIANTI: HR = 2.08, 95%CI = 1.40-3.07; LASA: HR = 1.33, 95%CI = 1.01-1.75) and transitioning from a cognitively healthy state to death (H70: HR = 3.30, 95%CI = 1.74-6.28; LASA: HR = 1.70, 95%CI = 1.30-2.21).CONCLUSIONS: Screening for slow gait speed may be useful for identifying older adults at risk of adverse outcomes such as cognitive decline and death. However, once in the stage of more advanced cognitive impairment, slow gait speed does not seem to predict transitioning to death anymore.

AB - OBJECTIVES: Very few studies looking at slow gait speed as early marker of cognitive decline investigated the competing risk of death. The current study examines associations between slow gait speed and transitions between cognitive states and death in later life.METHODS: We performed a coordinated analysis of three longitudinal studies with 9 to 25 years of follow-up. Data were used from older adults participating in H70 (Sweden; n = 441; aged ≥70 years), InCHIANTI (Italy; n = 955; aged ≥65 years), and LASA (the Netherlands; n = 2824; aged ≥55 years). Cognitive states were distinguished using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Slow gait speed was defined as the lowest sex-specific quintile at baseline. Multistate models were performed, adjusted for age, sex and education.RESULTS: Most effect estimates pointed in the same direction, with slow gait speed predicting forward transitions. In two cohort studies, slow gait speed predicted transitioning from mild to severe cognitive impairment (InCHIANTI: HR = 2.08, 95%CI = 1.40-3.07; LASA: HR = 1.33, 95%CI = 1.01-1.75) and transitioning from a cognitively healthy state to death (H70: HR = 3.30, 95%CI = 1.74-6.28; LASA: HR = 1.70, 95%CI = 1.30-2.21).CONCLUSIONS: Screening for slow gait speed may be useful for identifying older adults at risk of adverse outcomes such as cognitive decline and death. However, once in the stage of more advanced cognitive impairment, slow gait speed does not seem to predict transitioning to death anymore.

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Gait speed as predictor of transition into cognitive impairment: Findings from three longitudinal studies on aging

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

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