Abstract
We conduct a field and an online classroom experiment to study gender differences in self-set performance goals and their effects on performance in a real-effort task. We distinguish between public and private goals, performance being public and identifiable in both cases. Participants set significantly more ambitious goals when these are public. Women choose lower goals than men in both treatments. Men perform better than women under private and public goals as well as in the absence of goal setting, consistent with the identifiability of performance causing gender differences, as found in other studies. Compared to private goal setting, public goal setting does not affect men's performance at all but it leads to women's performance being significantly lower. Comparing self-set goals with actual performance we find that under private goal setting women's performance is on average 67% of goals, whereas for men it is 57%. Under public goal setting the corresponding percentages are 43% and 39%, respectively.
Original language | English |
---|---|
Pages (from-to) | 222-247 |
Number of pages | 26 |
Journal | Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization |
Volume | 192 |
Early online date | 29 Oct 2021 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Dec 2021 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:Brandts thanks the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Grant number PID2020-114251GB-I00), the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), through the Severo Ochoa Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (Barcelona School of Economics CEX2019-000915-S) and the Generalitat de Catalunya (Grant: 2017 SGR 1136) for financial support.
Funding Information:
Brandts thanks the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci?n (Grant number PID2020-114251GB-I00), the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigaci?n (AEI), through the Severo Ochoa Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (Barcelona School of Economics CEX2019-000915-S) and the Generalitat de Catalunya (Grant: 2017 SGR 1136) for financial support.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021
Keywords
- Experiment
- Gender differences
- Goal setting
- Public observability