TY - JOUR
T1 - Genetic and environmental mechanisms underlying stability and change in problem behaviors at ages 3, 7, 10, and 12.
AU - Bartels, M.
AU - van den Oord, E.J.C.G.
AU - Hudziak, J.
AU - Rietveld, M.J.H.
AU - van Beijsterveldt, C.E.M.
AU - Boomsma, D.I.
PY - 2004
Y1 - 2004
N2 - Maternal ratings on internalizing (INT) and externalizing (EXT) behaviors were collected in a large, population-based longitudinal sample. The numbers of participating twin pairs at ages 3, 7, 10, and 12 were 5,602, 5,115, 2,956, and 1,481, respectively. Stability in both behaviors was accounted for by genetic and shared environmental influences. The genetic contribution to stability (INT: 43%; EXT: 60%) resulted from the fact that a subset of genes expressed at an earlier age was still active at the next time point. A common set of shared environmental factors operated at all ages (INT: 47%; EXT: 34%). The modest contribution of nonshared environmental factors (INT: 10%; EXT: 6%) could not be captured by a simple model. Significant age-specific influences were found for all components, indicating that genetic and environmental factors also contributed to changes in problem behavior.
AB - Maternal ratings on internalizing (INT) and externalizing (EXT) behaviors were collected in a large, population-based longitudinal sample. The numbers of participating twin pairs at ages 3, 7, 10, and 12 were 5,602, 5,115, 2,956, and 1,481, respectively. Stability in both behaviors was accounted for by genetic and shared environmental influences. The genetic contribution to stability (INT: 43%; EXT: 60%) resulted from the fact that a subset of genes expressed at an earlier age was still active at the next time point. A common set of shared environmental factors operated at all ages (INT: 47%; EXT: 34%). The modest contribution of nonshared environmental factors (INT: 10%; EXT: 6%) could not be captured by a simple model. Significant age-specific influences were found for all components, indicating that genetic and environmental factors also contributed to changes in problem behavior.
U2 - 10.1037/0012-1649.40.5.852
DO - 10.1037/0012-1649.40.5.852
M3 - Article
SN - 0012-1649
VL - 40
SP - 852
EP - 867
JO - Developmental Psychology
JF - Developmental Psychology
IS - 5
ER -