Genetic liability for depression, social factors and their interaction effect in depressive symptoms and depression over time in older adults

Najada Stringa; Yuri Milaneschi; Natasja M. van Schoor; Bianca Suanet; Sven van der Lee; Henne Holstege; Marcel J.T. Reinders; Aartjan T.F. Beekman; Martijn Huisman

doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2020.02.011

Genetic liability for depression, social factors and their interaction effect in depressive symptoms and depression over time in older adults

Najada Stringa^*, Yuri Milaneschi, Natasja M. van Schoor, Bianca Suanet, Sven van der Lee, Henne Holstege, Marcel J.T. Reinders, Aartjan T.F. Beekman, Martijn Huisman

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

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Abstract

Objectives
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of genetic and social factors on depressive symptoms and depression over time and to test whether social factors moderate the relationship between depressive symptoms and its underlying genetics in later life.

Methods
The study included 2,279 participants with a mean follow-up of 15 years from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam with genotyping data. The personal genetic loading for depression was estimated for each participant by calculating a polygenic risk scores (PRS-D), based on 23,032 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with major depression in a large genome-wide association study. Partner status, network size, received and given emotional support were assessed via questionnaires and depressive symptoms were assessed using the CES-D Scale. A CES-D Scale of 16 and higher was considered as clinically relevant depression.

Results
Higher PRS-D was associated with more depressive symptoms whereas having a partner and having a larger network size were independently associated with less depressive symptoms. After extra adjustment for education, cognitive function and functional limitations, giving more emotional support was also associated with less depressive symptoms. No evidence for gene-environment interaction between PRS-D and social factors was found. Similar results were found for clinically relevant depression.

Conclusion
Genetic and social factors are independently associated with depressive symptoms over time in older adults. Strategies that boost social functioning should be encouraged in the general population of older adults regardless of the genetic liability for depression.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	844-855
Number of pages	12
Journal	American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
Volume	28
Issue number	8
Early online date	8 Mar 2020
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2020.02.011
Publication status	Published - Aug 2020

Funding

The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam is largely supported by a grant from the Netherlands Ministry of Health , Welfare and Sports, Directorate of Long-Term Care. The data collection in 2012–2013 and 2013–2014 was financially supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) in the framework of the project “New Cohorts of young old in the 21st century” (file number 480-10-014). Genotyping for the first cohort using the Axiom-NL array was financially supported by a grant from EMGO+ Research Institute.

Funders	Funder number
Netherlands Ministry of Health , Welfare and Sports, Directorate of Long-Term Care
Netherlands Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports, Directorate of Long-Term Care
CHEO Research Institute
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek	480-10-014

Keywords

Depressive symptoms
emotional support
gene-environment interaction
network size
older adults
partner status
polygenic risk score
social factors

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10.1016/j.jagp.2020.02.011

Genetic Liability for Depression Social Factors and Their Interaction Effect in Depressive Symptoms and Depression Over Time in Older AdultsFinal published version, 2.07 MBLicence: Article 25fa Dutch Copyright Act

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Stringa, N., Milaneschi, Y., van Schoor, N. M., Suanet, B., van der Lee, S., Holstege, H., Reinders, M. J. T., Beekman, A. T. F., & Huisman, M. (2020). Genetic liability for depression, social factors and their interaction effect in depressive symptoms and depression over time in older adults. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 28(8), 844-855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2020.02.011

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title = "Genetic liability for depression, social factors and their interaction effect in depressive symptoms and depression over time in older adults",

abstract = "ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of genetic and social factors on depressive symptoms and depression over time and to test whether social factors moderate the relationship between depressive symptoms and its underlying genetics in later life.MethodsThe study included 2,279 participants with a mean follow-up of 15 years from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam with genotyping data. The personal genetic loading for depression was estimated for each participant by calculating a polygenic risk scores (PRS-D), based on 23,032 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with major depression in a large genome-wide association study. Partner status, network size, received and given emotional support were assessed via questionnaires and depressive symptoms were assessed using the CES-D Scale. A CES-D Scale of 16 and higher was considered as clinically relevant depression.ResultsHigher PRS-D was associated with more depressive symptoms whereas having a partner and having a larger network size were independently associated with less depressive symptoms. After extra adjustment for education, cognitive function and functional limitations, giving more emotional support was also associated with less depressive symptoms. No evidence for gene-environment interaction between PRS-D and social factors was found. Similar results were found for clinically relevant depression.ConclusionGenetic and social factors are independently associated with depressive symptoms over time in older adults. Strategies that boost social functioning should be encouraged in the general population of older adults regardless of the genetic liability for depression.",

keywords = "Depressive symptoms, emotional support, gene-environment interaction, network size, older adults, partner status, polygenic risk score, social factors",

author = "Najada Stringa and Yuri Milaneschi and {van Schoor}, {Natasja M.} and Bianca Suanet and {van der Lee}, Sven and Henne Holstege and Reinders, {Marcel J.T.} and Beekman, {Aartjan T.F.} and Martijn Huisman",

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month = aug,

doi = "10.1016/j.jagp.2020.02.011",

language = "English",

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pages = "844--855",

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issn = "1064-7481",

publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",

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}

Stringa, N, Milaneschi, Y, van Schoor, NM, Suanet, B, van der Lee, S, Holstege, H, Reinders, MJT, Beekman, ATF & Huisman, M 2020, 'Genetic liability for depression, social factors and their interaction effect in depressive symptoms and depression over time in older adults', American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 844-855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2020.02.011

Genetic liability for depression, social factors and their interaction effect in depressive symptoms and depression over time in older adults. / Stringa, Najada; Milaneschi, Yuri; van Schoor, Natasja M. et al.
In: American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, Vol. 28, No. 8, 08.2020, p. 844-855.

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Genetic liability for depression, social factors and their interaction effect in depressive symptoms and depression over time in older adults

AU - Stringa, Najada

AU - Milaneschi, Yuri

AU - van Schoor, Natasja M.

AU - Suanet, Bianca

AU - van der Lee, Sven

AU - Holstege, Henne

AU - Reinders, Marcel J.T.

AU - Beekman, Aartjan T.F.

AU - Huisman, Martijn

PY - 2020/8

Y1 - 2020/8

N2 - ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of genetic and social factors on depressive symptoms and depression over time and to test whether social factors moderate the relationship between depressive symptoms and its underlying genetics in later life.MethodsThe study included 2,279 participants with a mean follow-up of 15 years from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam with genotyping data. The personal genetic loading for depression was estimated for each participant by calculating a polygenic risk scores (PRS-D), based on 23,032 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with major depression in a large genome-wide association study. Partner status, network size, received and given emotional support were assessed via questionnaires and depressive symptoms were assessed using the CES-D Scale. A CES-D Scale of 16 and higher was considered as clinically relevant depression.ResultsHigher PRS-D was associated with more depressive symptoms whereas having a partner and having a larger network size were independently associated with less depressive symptoms. After extra adjustment for education, cognitive function and functional limitations, giving more emotional support was also associated with less depressive symptoms. No evidence for gene-environment interaction between PRS-D and social factors was found. Similar results were found for clinically relevant depression.ConclusionGenetic and social factors are independently associated with depressive symptoms over time in older adults. Strategies that boost social functioning should be encouraged in the general population of older adults regardless of the genetic liability for depression.

AB - ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of genetic and social factors on depressive symptoms and depression over time and to test whether social factors moderate the relationship between depressive symptoms and its underlying genetics in later life.MethodsThe study included 2,279 participants with a mean follow-up of 15 years from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam with genotyping data. The personal genetic loading for depression was estimated for each participant by calculating a polygenic risk scores (PRS-D), based on 23,032 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with major depression in a large genome-wide association study. Partner status, network size, received and given emotional support were assessed via questionnaires and depressive symptoms were assessed using the CES-D Scale. A CES-D Scale of 16 and higher was considered as clinically relevant depression.ResultsHigher PRS-D was associated with more depressive symptoms whereas having a partner and having a larger network size were independently associated with less depressive symptoms. After extra adjustment for education, cognitive function and functional limitations, giving more emotional support was also associated with less depressive symptoms. No evidence for gene-environment interaction between PRS-D and social factors was found. Similar results were found for clinically relevant depression.ConclusionGenetic and social factors are independently associated with depressive symptoms over time in older adults. Strategies that boost social functioning should be encouraged in the general population of older adults regardless of the genetic liability for depression.

KW - Depressive symptoms

KW - emotional support

KW - gene-environment interaction

KW - network size

KW - older adults

KW - partner status

KW - polygenic risk score

KW - social factors

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DO - 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.02.011

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SN - 1064-7481

VL - 28

SP - 844

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JO - American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

JF - American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

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Genetic liability for depression, social factors and their interaction effect in depressive symptoms and depression over time in older adults

Abstract

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Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam

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Genetic liability for depression, social factors and their interaction effect in depressive symptoms and depression over time in older adults

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

Access to Document

Persistent URL (handle)

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Datasets

Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam

Cite this