Abstract
Ice-ridge Yedoma terrain is susceptible to vertical surface displacements by thaw and refreeze of ground ice, and geomorphological processes of mass wasting, erosion and sedimentation. Here we explore the relation between a 3 year data set of InSAR measurements of vertical surface displacements during the thaw season, and geomorphological features in an area in the Indigirka Lowlands, Northeast Siberia. The geomorphology is presented in a geomorphological map, based on interpretation of high resolution visible spectrum satellite imagery, field surveys and available data from paleo-environmental research. The main landforms comprise overlapping drained thaw lake basins and lakes, erosion remnants of Late Pleistocene Yedoma deposits, and a floodplain of a high-sinuosity anastomosing river with ancient river terrace remnants. The spatial distribution of drained thaw lake basins and Yedoma erosion remnants in the study area and its surroundings is influenced by neotectonic movements. The 3 years of InSAR measurement include 2 years of high snowfall and extreme river flooding (2017–2018) and 1 year of modest snowfall, early spring and warm summer (2019). The magnitude of surface displacements varies among the years, and show considerable spatial variation. Distinct spatial clusters of displacement trajectories can be discerned, which relate to geomorphological processes and ground ice conditions. Strong subsidence occurred in particular in 2019. In the wet year of 2017, marked heave occurred at Yedoma plateau surfaces, likely by ice accumulation at the top of the permafrost driven by excess precipitation. The spatial variability of surface displacements is high. This is explored by statistical analysis, and is attributed to the interaction of various processes. Next to ground ice volume change, also sedimentation (peat, colluvial deposition) and shrinkage or swelling of soils with changing water content may have contributed. Tussock tundra areas covered by the extreme 2017 and 2018 spring floods show high subsidence rates and an increase of midsummer thaw depths. We hypothesize that increased flood heights along Siberian lowland rivers potentially induce deeper thaw and subsidence on floodplain margins, and also lowers the drainage thresholds of thaw lakes. Both mechanisms tend to increase floodplain area. This may increase CH4 emission from floodplains, but also may enhance carbon storage in floodplain sedimentary environments.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 680565 |
Pages (from-to) | 1-21 |
Number of pages | 21 |
Journal | Frontiers in Earth Science |
Volume | 9 |
Issue number | August |
Early online date | 24 Aug 2021 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Aug 2021 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:The authors acknowledge the European Space Agency (ESA) for Sentinel-1 images used in this study. We thank the crew of the Sakha Republic Nature Conservancy and Fisheries Inspection at Chokurdagh for their valuable support in the field. ERA5 reanalysis data have been provided under the terms of the Copernicus Products License Agreement version 1.2.
Funding Information:
This research was financed by the User Support Program Space Research of the Netherlands Space Office, Grant No. ALW-GO/ 16-13, “Radar mapping of permafrost degradation and methane emission hotspots”, and by the Netherlands Polar Program of the Dutch Research Council (NWO), grant number ALWPP.2016.008. The geomorphological work was initiated and funded by the PAGE21 (Changing Permafrost in the Arctic and its Global Effects in the 21st Century) Large-scale integrating project EU FP7-ENV-2011 Grant Nr 282700.
Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright © 2021 van Huissteden, Teshebaeva, Cheung, Magnússon, Noorbergen, Karsanaev, Maximov and Dolman.
Keywords
- floodplain
- geomorphology
- InSAR (interferometric synthetic aperture radar)
- neotectonics
- Thaw lakes
- Yedoma