Governance of education systems: Trust, accountability and capacity in hierarchies, markets and networks

Systems vary in how they are coordinated and in how actors are positioned into different roles with different responsibilities. This chapter presents three ideal-types of education governance: hierarchy, market and network. For each type of system, the roles and relations of each of the stakeholders in the system are explained, how they relate to each other, how accountability relations are organized and the capacity needed by various stakeholders to enact their roles and responsibilities. We'll argue how each system is premised on a different understanding of the purpose of education and how this has clear implications for how the accountability and capacity-building is organized and whether and how trust is needed to improve learning outcomes.