Grain engineering for improved charge carrier transport in two-dimensional lead-free perovskite field-effect transistors

Shuanglong Wang, Sabine Frisch, Heng Zhang, Okan Yildiz, Mukunda Mandal, Naz Ugur, Beomjin Jeong, Charusheela Ramanan, Denis Andrienko, Hai I. Wang, Mischa Bonn, Paul W.M. Blom, Milan Kivala, Wojciech Pisula*, Tomasz Marszalek

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to JournalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

Controlling crystal growth and reducing the number of grain boundaries are crucial to maximize the charge carrier transport in organic-inorganic perovskite field-effect transistors (FETs). Herein, the crystallization and growth kinetics of a Sn(ii)-based 2D perovskite, using 2-thiopheneethylammonium (TEA) as the organic cation spacer, were effectively regulated by the hot-casting method. With increasing crystalline grain size, the local charge carrier mobility is found to increase moderately from 13 cm2 V−1 s−1 to 16 cm2 V−1 s−1, as inferred from terahertz (THz) spectroscopy. In contrast, the FET operation parameters, including mobility, threshold voltage, hysteresis, and subthreshold swing, improve substantially with larger grain size. The optimized 2D (TEA)2SnI4 transistor exhibits hole mobility of up to 0.34 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 295 K and a higher value of 1.8 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 100 K. Our work provides an important insight into the grain engineering of 2D perovskites for high-performance FETs.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)2633-2643
Number of pages11
JournalMaterials Horizons
Volume9
Issue number10
Early online date9 Aug 2022
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Oct 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
S. Wang thanks the China Scholarship Council (CSC, 201906890035) for financial support. M. Mandal acknowledges postdoctoral support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. T. Marszalek acknowledges the Foundation for Polish Science financed by the European Union under the European Regional Development Fund (POIR.04.04.00-00-3ED8/17). The authors thank Dr Hao Wu for the help with UPS measurements. This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) - project number 424708673 and by the KAUST Office of Sponsored Research (OSR). Open Access funding provided by the Max Planck Society.

Funding Information:
S. Wang thanks the China Scholarship Council (CSC, 201906890035) for financial support. M. Mandal acknowledges postdoctoral support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. T. Marszalek acknowledges the Foundation for Polish Science financed by the European Union under the European Regional Development Fund (POIR.04.04.00-00-3ED8/17). The authors thank Dr Hao Wu for the help with UPS measurements. This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – project number 424708673 and by the KAUST Office of Sponsored Research (OSR). Open Access funding provided by the Max Planck Society.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Funding

S. Wang thanks the China Scholarship Council (CSC, 201906890035) for financial support. M. Mandal acknowledges postdoctoral support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. T. Marszalek acknowledges the Foundation for Polish Science financed by the European Union under the European Regional Development Fund (POIR.04.04.00-00-3ED8/17). The authors thank Dr Hao Wu for the help with UPS measurements. This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) - project number 424708673 and by the KAUST Office of Sponsored Research (OSR). Open Access funding provided by the Max Planck Society. S. Wang thanks the China Scholarship Council (CSC, 201906890035) for financial support. M. Mandal acknowledges postdoctoral support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. T. Marszalek acknowledges the Foundation for Polish Science financed by the European Union under the European Regional Development Fund (POIR.04.04.00-00-3ED8/17). The authors thank Dr Hao Wu for the help with UPS measurements. This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – project number 424708673 and by the KAUST Office of Sponsored Research (OSR). Open Access funding provided by the Max Planck Society.

FundersFunder number
OSR
Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung
European Commission
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft424708673
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
China Scholarship Council201906890035
China Scholarship Council
European Regional Development FundPOIR.04.04.00-00-3ED8/17
European Regional Development Fund

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