Abstract
© 2017 American Physical Society.It is well known that the lanthanide and actinide elements are formed by the filling of 4f and 5f subshells which occurs after the filling of 5d and 6d subshells, respectively, has begun. With increasing ionization one expects the energy levels to eventually regroup to their hydrogenic ordering, i.e., in terms of principal quantum number. In the lanthanides, the 4f electron binding energy overtakes that of 5p near the 6th or 7th ion stage and 5s near the 14th or 15th ion stage, leading to dramatic rearrangements of ground-state configurations. In this paper we report on the results of a study to explore the effects of increasing ionization on the ground-state configurations of actinide ions as a result of 5f and 6p or 6s level crossings. It is seen that the effects generally occur later and are more strongly influenced by spin-orbit splitting than in the lanthanides. The near degeneracies of 5f and 6l energies in these stages lead to configuration interaction (CI) amongst configurations with variable numbers of 5f and 6p electrons. The effects of CI on the level complexity are explored for ions along the Rn I sequence and are found to lead to the formation of "compound states" as predicted for the lanthanides. The extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray spectra of medium and highly charged lanthanides are dominated by emission from unresolved transition arrays (UTAs) of the type Δn=0, 4p64dN+1-4p54dN+2+4p64dN4f, which, in general, overlap in adjacent ion stages of a particular element. Here, the corresponding Δn=0, 5p65dN+1-5p55dN+2+5p65dN5f UTAs have been studied theoretically with the aid of Hartree-Fock with configuration interaction calculations. As well as predicting the wavelengths and spectral details of the anticipated features, the calculations show that the effects of configuration interaction are quite different for the two different families of Δn=0 transitions and, once more, spin-orbit interactions play a major role.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 062501 |
Journal | Physical Review A |
Volume | 96 |
Issue number | 6 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 4 Dec 2017 |
Externally published | Yes |
Funding
J.S. acknowledges funding from the Irish Research Council (GOIPG/2015/3756). L.L. acknowledges support from UCD and from a Chinese Scholarship Council scholarship [Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (HUST:2016YXMS028)]. D.K. acknowledges funding from the Irish Research Council and a Marie Curie Actions ELEVATE fellowship (ELEVATEPD/2013/11).
Funders | Funder number |
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Marie Curie | ELEVATEPD/2013/11 |
University College Dublin | |
Irish Research Council | GOIPG/2015/3756 |
Henan University of Science and Technology | YXMS028 |
Chinese Government Scholarship | |
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities |