@article{122f197f032449dd951db84c20e5f175,
title = "GWTC-1: A Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog of Compact Binary Mergers Observed by LIGO and Virgo during the First and Second Observing Runs",
abstract = "We present the results from three gravitational-wave searches for coalescing compact binaries with component masses above 1 Ma{\texttrademark} during the first and second observing runs of the advanced gravitational-wave detector network. During the first observing run (O1), from September 12, 2015 to January 19, 2016, gravitational waves from three binary black hole mergers were detected. The second observing run (O2), which ran from November 30, 2016 to August 25, 2017, saw the first detection of gravitational waves from a binary neutron star inspiral, in addition to the observation of gravitational waves from a total of seven binary black hole mergers, four of which we report here for the first time: GW170729, GW170809, GW170818, and GW170823. For all significant gravitational-wave events, we provide estimates of the source properties. The detected binary black holes have total masses between 18.6-0.7+3.2 M{\^a}{\texttrademark} and 84.4-11.1+15.8 M{\^a}{\texttrademark} and range in distance between 320-110+120 and 2840-1360+1400 Mpc. No neutron star-black hole mergers were detected. In addition to highly significant gravitational-wave events, we also provide a list of marginal event candidates with an estimated false-alarm rate less than 1 per 30 days. From these results over the first two observing runs, which include approximately one gravitational-wave detection per 15 days of data searched, we infer merger rates at the 90% confidence intervals of 110-3840 Gpc-3 y-1 for binary neutron stars and 9.7-101 Gpc-3 y-1 for binary black holes assuming fixed population distributions and determine a neutron star-black hole merger rate 90% upper limit of 610 Gpc-3 y-1.",
author = "Abbott, {B. P.} and R. Abbott and Abbott, {T. D.} and S. Abraham and F. Acernese and K. Ackley and C. Adams and Adhikari, {R. X.} and Adya, {V. B.} and C. Affeldt and M. Agathos and K. Agatsuma and N. Aggarwal and Aguiar, {O. D.} and L. Aiello and A. Ain and P. Ajith and G. Allen and A. Allocca and Aloy, {M. A.} and Altin, {P. A.} and A. Amato and A. Ananyeva and Anderson, {S. B.} and Anderson, {W. G.} and Angelova, {S. V.} and S. Antier and S. Appert and K. Arai and Araya, {M. C.} and Areeda, {J. S.} and M. Ar{\`e}ne and N. Arnaud and Arun, {K. G.} and S. Ascenzi and G. Ashton and Aston, {S. M.} and P. Astone and F. Aubin and P. Aufmuth and K. Aultoneal and C. Austin and V. Avendano and A. Avila-Alvarez and S. Babak and P. Bacon and F. Badaracco and Bader, {M. K.M.} and S. Bae and Baker, {P. T.} and F. Baldaccini and G. Ballardin and Ballmer, {S. W.} and S. Banagiri and Barayoga, {J. C.} and Barclay, {S. E.} and Barish, {B. C.} and D. Barker and K. Barkett and S. Barnum and F. Barone and B. Barr and L. Barsotti and M. Barsuglia and D. Barta and J. Bartlett and I. Bartos and R. Bassiri and A. Basti and M. Bawaj and Bayley, {J. C.} and M. Bazzan and B. B{\'e}csy and M. Bejger and I. Belahcene and Bell, {A. S.} and D. Beniwal and Berger, {B. K.} and G. Bergmann and S. Bernuzzi and Bero, {J. J.} and Berry, {C. P.L.} and D. Bersanetti and A. Bertolini and J. Betzwieser and R. Bhandare and J. Bidler and Bilenko, {I. A.} and Bilgili, {S. A.} and G. Billingsley and J. Birch and R. Birney and O. Birnholtz and S. Biscans and S. Biscoveanu and A. Bisht and M. Bitossi and Bizouard, {M. A.} and Blackburn, {J. K.} and J. Blackman and Blair, {C. D.} and Blair, {D. G.} and Blair, {R. M.} and S. Bloemen and N. Bode and M. Boer and Y. Boetzel and G. Bogaert and F. Bondu and E. Bonilla and R. Bonnand and P. Booker and Boom, {B. A.} and Booth, {C. D.} and R. Bork and V. Boschi and S. Bose and K. Bossie and V. Bossilkov and J. Bosveld and Y. Bouffanais and A. Bozzi and C. Bradaschia and Brady, {P. R.} and A. Bramley and M. Branchesi and Brau, {J. E.} and T. Briant and Briggs, {J. H.} and F. Brighenti and A. Brillet and M. Brinkmann and V. Brisson and P. Brockill and Brooks, {A. F.} and Brown, {D. D.} and S. Brunett and A. Buikema and T. Bulik and Bulten, {H. J.} and A. Buonanno and D. Buskulic and {Bustamante Rosell}, {M. J.} and C. Buy and Byer, {R. L.} and M. Cabero and L. Cadonati and G. Cagnoli and C. Cahillane and {Calder{\'o}n Bustillo}, J. and Callister, {T. A.} and E. Calloni and Camp, {J. B.} and Campbell, {W. A.} and M. Canepa and Cannon, {K. C.} and H. Cao and J. Cao and E. Capocasa and F. Carbognani and S. Caride and Carney, {M. F.} and G. Carullo and {Casanueva Diaz}, J. and C. Casentini and S. Caudill and M. Cavagli{\`a} and F. Cavalier and R. Cavalieri and G. Cella and P. Cerd{\'a}-Dur{\'a}n and G. Cerretani and E. Cesarini and O. Chaibi and K. Chakravarti and Chamberlin, {S. J.} and M. Chan and S. Chao and P. Charlton and Chase, {E. A.} and E. Chassande-Mottin and D. Chatterjee and M. Chaturvedi and K. Chatziioannou and Cheeseboro, {B. D.} and Chen, {H. Y.} and X. Chen and Y. Chen and Cheng, {H. P.} and Cheong, {C. K.} and Chia, {H. Y.} and A. Chincarini and A. Chiummo and G. Cho and Cho, {H. S.} and M. Cho and N. Christensen and Q. Chu and S. Chua and Chung, {K. W.} and S. Chung and G. Ciani and Ciobanu, {A. A.} and R. Ciolfi and F. Cipriano and A. Cirone and F. Clara and Clark, {J. A.} and P. Clearwater and F. Cleva and C. Cocchieri and E. Coccia and Cohadon, {P. F.} and D. Cohen and R. Colgan and M. Colleoni and Collette, {C. G.} and C. Collins and Cominsky, {L. R.} and M. Constancio and L. Conti and Cooper, {S. J.} and P. Corban and Corbitt, {T. R.} and I. Cordero-Carri{\'o}n and Corley, {K. R.} and N. Cornish and A. Corsi and S. Cortese and Costa, {C. A.} and R. Cotesta and Coughlin, {M. W.} and Coughlin, {S. B.} and Coulon, {J. P.} and Countryman, {S. T.} and P. Couvares and Covas, {P. B.} and Cowan, {E. E.} and Coward, {D. M.} and Cowart, {M. J.} and Coyne, {D. C.} and R. Coyne and Creighton, {J. D.E.} and Creighton, {T. D.} and J. Cripe and M. Croquette and Crowder, {S. G.} and Cullen, {T. J.} and A. Cumming and L. Cunningham and E. Cuoco and Canton, {T. Dal} and G. D{\'a}lya and Danilishin, {S. L.} and S. D'Antonio and K. Danzmann and A. Dasgupta and {Da Silva Costa}, {C. F.} and Datrier, {L. E.H.} and V. Dattilo and I. Dave and M. Davier and D. Davis and Daw, {E. J.} and D. Debra and M. Deenadayalan and J. Degallaix and {De Laurentis}, M. and S. Del{\'e}glise and {Del Pozzo}, W. and Demarchi, {L. M.} and N. Demos and T. Dent and {De Pietri}, R. and J. Derby and {De Rosa}, R. and {De Rossi}, C. and R. Desalvo and {De Varona}, O. and S. Dhurandhar and D{\'i}az, {M. C.} and T. Dietrich and {Di Fiore}, L. and {Di Giovanni}, M. and {Di Girolamo}, T. and {Di Lieto}, A. and B. Ding and {Di Pace}, S. and {Di Palma}, I. and {Di Renzo}, F. and A. Dmitriev and Z. Doctor and F. Donovan and Dooley, {K. L.} and S. Doravari and I. Dorrington and Downes, {T. P.} and M. Drago and Driggers, {J. C.} and Z. Du and Ducoin, {J. G.} and P. Dupej and Dwyer, {S. E.} and Easter, {P. J.} and Edo, {T. B.} and Edwards, {M. C.} and A. Effler and P. Ehrens and J. Eichholz and Eikenberry, {S. S.} and M. Eisenmann and Eisenstein, {R. A.} and Essick, {R. C.} and H. Estelles and D. Estevez and Etienne, {Z. B.} and T. Etzel and M. Evans and Evans, {T. M.} and V. Fafone and H. Fair and S. Fairhurst and X. Fan and S. Farinon and B. Farr and Farr, {W. M.} and Fauchon-Jones, {E. J.} and M. Favata and M. Fays and M. Fazio and C. Fee and J. Feicht and Fejer, {M. M.} and F. Feng and A. Fernandez-Galiana and I. Ferrante and Ferreira, {E. C.} and Ferreira, {T. A.} and F. Ferrini and F. Fidecaro and I. Fiori and D. Fiorucci and M. Fishbach and Fisher, {R. P.} and Fishner, {J. M.} and M. Fitz-Axen and R. Flaminio and M. Fletcher and E. Flynn and H. Fong and Font, {J. A.} and Forsyth, {P. W.F.} and Fournier, {J. D.} and S. Frasca and F. Frasconi and Z. Frei and A. Freise and R. Frey and V. Frey and P. Fritschel and Frolov, {V. V.} and P. Fulda and M. Fyffe and Gabbard, {H. A.} and Gadre, {B. U.} and Gaebel, {S. M.} and Gair, {J. R.} and L. Gammaitoni and Ganija, {M. R.} and Gaonkar, {S. G.} and A. Garcia and C. Garc{\'i}a-Quir{\'o}s and F. Garufi and B. Gateley and S. Gaudio and G. Gaur and V. Gayathri and G. Gemme and E. Genin and A. Gennai and D. George and J. George and L. Gergely and V. Germain and S. Ghonge and Abhirup Ghosh and Archisman Ghosh and S. Ghosh and B. Giacomazzo and Giaime, {J. A.} and Giardina, {K. D.} and A. Giazotto and K. Gill and G. Giordano and L. Glover and P. Godwin and E. Goetz and R. Goetz and B. Goncharov and G. Gonz{\'a}lez and {Gonzalez Castro}, {J. M.} and A. Gopakumar and Gorodetsky, {M. L.} and Gossan, {S. E.} and M. Gosselin and R. Gouaty and A. Grado and C. Graef and M. Granata and A. Grant and S. Gras and P. Grassia and C. Gray and R. Gray and G. Greco and Green, {A. C.} and R. Green and Gretarsson, {E. M.} and P. Groot and H. Grote and S. Grunewald and P. Gruning and Guidi, {G. M.} and Gulati, {H. K.} and Y. Guo and A. Gupta and Gupta, {M. K.} and Gustafson, {E. K.} and R. Gustafson and L. Haegel and O. Halim and Hall, {B. R.} and Hall, {E. D.} and Hamilton, {E. Z.} and G. Hammond and M. Haney and Hanke, {M. M.} and J. Hanks and C. Hanna and Hannam, {M. D.} and Hannuksela, {O. A.} and J. Hanson and T. Hardwick and K. Haris and J. Harms and Harry, {G. M.} and Harry, {I. W.} and Haster, {C. J.} and K. Haughian and Hayes, {F. J.} and J. Healy and A. Heidmann and Heintze, {M. C.} and H. Heitmann and P. Hello and G. Hemming and M. Hendry and Heng, {I. S.} and J. Hennig and Heptonstall, {A. W.} and {Hernandez Vivanco}, Francisco and M. Heurs and S. Hild and T. Hinderer and D. Hoak and S. Hochheim and D. Hofman and Holgado, {A. M.} and Holland, {N. A.} and K. Holt and Holz, {D. E.} and P. Hopkins and C. Horst and J. Hough and Howell, {E. J.} and Hoy, {C. G.} and A. Hreibi and Y. Huang and Huerta, {E. A.} and D. Huet and B. Hughey and M. Hulko and S. Husa and Huttner, {S. H.} and T. Huynh-Dinh and B. Idzkowski and A. Iess and C. Ingram and R. Inta and G. Intini and B. Irwin and Isa, {H. N.} and Isac, {J. M.} and M. Isi and Iyer, {B. R.} and K. Izumi and T. Jacqmin and Jadhav, {S. J.} and K. Jani and Janthalur, {N. N.} and P. Jaranowski and Jenkins, {A. C.} and J. Jiang and Johnson, {D. S.} and Johnson-Mcdaniel, {N. K.} and Jones, {A. W.} and Jones, {D. I.} and R. Jones and Jonker, {R. J.G.} and L. Ju and J. Junker and Kalaghatgi, {C. V.} and V. Kalogera and B. Kamai and S. Kandhasamy and G. Kang and Kanner, {J. B.} and Kapadia, {S. J.} and S. Karki and Karvinen, {K. S.} and R. Kashyap and M. Kasprzack and S. Katsanevas and E. Katsavounidis and W. Katzman and S. Kaufer and K. Kawabe and Keerthana, {N. V.} and F. K{\'e}f{\'e}lian and D. Keitel and R. Kennedy and Key, {J. S.} and Khalili, {F. Y.} and H. Khan and I. Khan and S. Khan and Z. Khan and Khazanov, {E. A.} and M. Khursheed and N. Kijbunchoo and Chunglee Kim and Kim, {J. C.} and K. Kim and W. Kim and Kim, {W. S.} and Kim, {Y. M.} and C. Kimball and King, {E. J.} and King, {P. J.} and M. Kinley-Hanlon and R. Kirchhoff and Kissel, {J. S.} and L. Kleybolte and Klika, {J. H.} and S. Klimenko and Knowles, {T. D.} and P. Koch and Koehlenbeck, {S. M.} and G. Koekoek and S. Koley and V. Kondrashov and A. Kontos and N. Koper and M. Korobko and Korth, {W. Z.} and I. Kowalska and Kozak, {D. B.} and V. Kringel and N. Krishnendu and A. Kr{\'o}lak and G. Kuehn and A. Kumar and P. Kumar and R. Kumar and S. Kumar and L. Kuo and A. Kutynia and S. Kwang and Lackey, {B. D.} and Lai, {K. H.} and Lam, {T. L.} and M. Landry and Lane, {B. B.} and Lang, {R. N.} and J. Lange and B. Lantz and Lanza, {R. K.} and A. Lartaux-Vollard and Lasky, {P. D.} and M. Laxen and A. Lazzarini and C. Lazzaro and P. Leaci and S. Leavey and Lecoeuche, {Y. K.} and Lee, {C. H.} and Lee, {H. K.} and Lee, {H. M.} and Lee, {H. W.} and J. Lee and K. Lee and J. Lehmann and A. Lenon and N. Leroy and N. Letendre and Y. Levin and J. Li and Li, {K. J.L.} and Li, {T. G.F.} and X. Li and F. Lin and F. Linde and Linker, {S. D.} and Littenberg, {T. B.} and J. Liu and X. Liu and Lo, {R. K.L.} and Lockerbie, {N. A.} and London, {L. T.} and A. Longo and M. Lorenzini and V. Loriette and M. Lormand and G. Losurdo and Lough, {J. D.} and Lousto, {C. O.} and G. Lovelace and Lower, {M. E.} and H. L{\"u}ck and D. Lumaca and Lundgren, {A. P.} and R. Lynch and Y. Ma and R. MacAs and S. MacFoy and M. MacInnis and MacLeod, {D. M.} and A. MacQuet and F. Maga{\~n}a-Sandoval and {Maga{\~n}a Zertuche}, L. and Magee, {R. M.} and E. Majorana and I. Maksimovic and A. Malik and N. Man and V. Mandic and V. Mangano and Mansell, {G. L.} and M. Manske and M. Mantovani and F. Marchesoni and F. Marion and S. M{\'a}rka and Z. M{\'a}rka and C. Markakis and Markosyan, {A. S.} and A. Markowitz and E. Maros and A. Marquina and S. Marsat and F. Martelli and Martin, {I. W.} and Martin, {R. M.} and Martynov, {D. V.} and K. Mason and E. Massera and A. Masserot and Massinger, {T. J.} and M. Masso-Reid and S. Mastrogiovanni and A. Matas and F. Matichard and L. Matone and N. Mavalvala and N. Mazumder and McCann, {J. J.} and R. McCarthy and McClelland, {D. E.} and S. McCormick and L. McCuller and McGuire, {S. C.} and J. McIver and McManus, {D. J.} and T. McRae and McWilliams, {S. T.} and D. Meacher and Meadors, {G. D.} and M. Mehmet and Mehta, {A. K.} and J. Meidam and A. Melatos and G. Mendell and Mercer, {R. A.} and L. Mereni and Merilh, {E. L.} and M. Merzougui and S. Meshkov and C. Messenger and C. Messick and R. Metzdorff and Meyers, {P. M.} and H. Miao and C. Michel and H. Middleton and Mikhailov, {E. E.} and L. Milano and Miller, {A. L.} and A. Miller and M. Millhouse and Mills, {J. C.} and Milovich-Goff, {M. C.} and O. Minazzoli and Y. Minenkov and A. Mishkin and C. Mishra and T. Mistry and S. Mitra and Mitrofanov, {V. P.} and G. Mitselmakher and R. Mittleman and G. Mo and D. Moffa and K. Mogushi and Mohapatra, {S. R.P.} and M. Montani and Moore, {C. J.} and D. Moraru and G. Moreno and S. Morisaki and B. Mours and Mow-Lowry, {C. M.} and Arunava Mukherjee and D. Mukherjee and S. Mukherjee and N. Mukund and A. Mullavey and J. Munch and Mu{\~n}iz, {E. A.} and M. Muratore and Murray, {P. G.} and A. Nagar and I. Nardecchia and L. Naticchioni and Nayak, {R. K.} and J. Neilson and G. Nelemans and Nelson, {T. J.N.} and M. Nery and A. Neunzert and Ng, {K. Y.} and S. Ng and P. Nguyen and D. Nichols and Nielsen, {A. B.} and S. Nissanke and A. Nitz and F. Nocera and C. North and Nuttall, {L. K.} and M. Obergaulinger and J. Oberling and O'Brien, {B. D.} and O'Dea, {G. D.} and Ogin, {G. H.} and Oh, {J. J.} and Oh, {S. H.} and F. Ohme and H. Ohta and Okada, {M. A.} and M. Oliver and P. Oppermann and Oram, {Richard J.} and B. O'Reilly and Ormiston, {R. G.} and Ortega, {L. F.} and R. O'Shaughnessy and S. Ossokine and Ottaway, {D. J.} and H. Overmier and Owen, {B. J.} and Pace, {A. E.} and G. Pagano and Page, {M. A.} and A. Pai and Pai, {S. A.} and Palamos, {J. R.} and O. Palashov and C. Palomba and A. Pal-Singh and Pan, {Huang Wei} and B. Pang and Pang, {P. T.H.} and C. Pankow and F. Pannarale and Pant, {B. C.} and F. Paoletti and A. Paoli and Papa, {M. A.} and A. Parida and W. Parker and D. Pascucci and A. Pasqualetti and R. Passaquieti and D. Passuello and M. Patil and B. Patricelli and Pearlstone, {B. L.} and C. Pedersen and M. Pedraza and R. Pedurand and A. Pele and S. Penn and A. Perego and Perez, {C. J.} and A. Perreca and Pfeiffer, {H. P.} and M. Phelps and Phukon, {K. S.} and Piccinni, {O. J.} and M. Pichot and F. Piergiovanni and G. Pillant and L. Pinard and M. Pirello and M. Pitkin and R. Poggiani and Pong, {D. Y.T.} and S. Ponrathnam and P. Popolizio and Porter, {E. K.} and J. Powell and Prajapati, {A. K.} and J. Prasad and K. Prasai and R. Prasanna and G. Pratten and T. Prestegard and S. Privitera and Prodi, {G. A.} and Prokhorov, {L. G.} and O. Puncken and M. Punturo and P. Puppo and M. P{\"u}rrer and H. Qi and V. Quetschke and Quinonez, {P. J.} and Quintero, {E. A.} and R. Quitzow-James and Raab, {F. J.} and H. Radkins and N. Radulescu and P. Raffai and S. Raja and C. Rajan and B. Rajbhandari and M. Rakhmanov and Ramirez, {K. E.} and A. Ramos-Buades and Javed Rana and K. Rao and P. Rapagnani and V. Raymond and M. Razzano and J. Read and T. Regimbau and L. Rei and S. Reid and Reitze, {D. H.} and W. Ren and F. Ricci and Richardson, {C. J.} and Richardson, {J. W.} and Ricker, {P. M.} and Riemenschneider, {G. M.} and K. Riles and M. Rizzo and Robertson, {N. A.} and R. Robie and F. Robinet and A. Rocchi and L. Rolland and Rollins, {J. G.} and Roma, {V. J.} and M. Romanelli and R. Romano and Romel, {C. L.} and Romie, {J. H.} and K. Rose and D. Rosi{\'n}ska and Rosofsky, {S. G.} and Ross, {M. P.} and S. Rowan and A. R{\"u}diger and P. Ruggi and G. Rutins and K. Ryan and S. Sachdev and T. Sadecki and M. Sakellariadou and O. Salafia and L. Salconi and M. Saleem and F. Salemi and A. Samajdar and L. Sammut and Sanchez, {E. J.} and Sanchez, {L. E.} and N. Sanchis-Gual and V. Sandberg and Sanders, {J. R.} and Santiago, {K. A.} and N. Sarin and B. Sassolas and Sathyaprakash, {B. S.} and Saulson, {P. R.} and O. Sauter and Savage, {R. L.} and P. Schale and M. Scheel and J. Scheuer and P. Schmidt and R. Schnabel and Schofield, {R. M.S.} and A. Sch{\"o}nbeck and E. Schreiber and Schulte, {B. W.} and Schutz, {B. F.} and Schwalbe, {S. G.} and J. Scott and Scott, {S. M.} and E. Seidel and D. Sellers and Sengupta, {A. S.} and N. Sennett and D. Sentenac and V. Sequino and A. Sergeev and Y. Setyawati and Shaddock, {D. A.} and T. Shaffer and Shahriar, {M. S.} and Shaner, {M. B.} and L. Shao and P. Sharma and P. Shawhan and H. Shen and R. Shink and Shoemaker, {D. H.} and Shoemaker, {D. M.} and S. Shyamsundar and K. Siellez and M. Sieniawska and D. Sigg and Silva, {A. D.} and Singer, {L. P.} and N. Singh and A. Singhal and Sintes, {A. M.} and S. Sitmukhambetov and V. Skliris and Slagmolen, {B. J.J.} and Slaven-Blair, {T. J.} and Smith, {R. J.E.} and Smith, {R. J.E.} and S. Somala and Son, {E. J.} and B. Sorazu and F. Sorrentino and T. Souradeep and E. Sowell and Spencer, {A. P.} and Srivastava, {A. K.} and V. Srivastava and K. Staats and C. Stachie and M. Standke and Steer, {D. A.} and M. Steinke and J. Steinlechner and S. Steinlechner and D. Steinmeyer and Stevenson, {S. P.} and D. Stocks and R. Stone and Stops, {D. J.} and Strain, {K. A.} and G. Stratta and Strigin, {S. E.} and A. Strunk and R. Sturani and Stuver, {A. L.} and V. Sudhir and Summerscales, {T. Z.} and L. Sun and S. Sunil and J. Suresh and Sutton, {P. J.} and Swinkels, {B. L.} and Szczepa{\'n}czyk, {M. J.} and M. Tacca and Tait, {S. C.} and C. Talbot and D. Talukder and Tanner, {D. B.} and M. T{\'a}pai and A. Taracchini and Tasson, {J. D.} and R. Taylor and F. Thies and M. Thomas and P. Thomas and Thondapu, {S. R.} and Thorne, {K. A.} and E. Thrane and Shubhanshu Tiwari and Srishti Tiwari and V. Tiwari and K. Toland and M. Tonelli and Z. Tornasi and A. Torres-Forn{\'e} and Torrie, {C. I.} and D. T{\"o}yr{\"a} and F. Travasso and G. Traylor and Tringali, {M. C.} and A. Trovato and L. Trozzo and R. Trudeau and Tsang, {K. W.} and M. Tse and R. Tso and L. Tsukada and D. Tsuna and D. Tuyenbayev and K. Ueno and D. Ugolini and Unnikrishnan, {C. S.} and Urban, {A. L.} and Usman, {S. A.} and H. Vahlbruch and G. Vajente and G. Valdes and {Van Bakel}, N. and {Van Beuzekom}, M. and {Van Den Brand}, {J. F.J.} and {Van Den Broeck}, C. and Vander-Hyde, {D. C.} and {Van Heijningen}, {J. V.} and {Van Der Schaaf}, L. and {Van Veggel}, {A. A.} and M. Vardaro and V. Varma and S. Vass and M. Vas{\'u}th and A. Vecchio and G. Vedovato and J. Veitch and Veitch, {P. J.} and K. Venkateswara and G. Venugopalan and D. Verkindt and F. Vetrano and A. Vicer{\'e} and Viets, {A. D.} and Vine, {D. J.} and Vinet, {J. Y.} and S. Vitale and T. Vo and H. Vocca and C. Vorvick and Vyatchanin, {S. P.} and Wade, {A. R.} and Wade, {L. E.} and M. Wade and R. Walet and M. Walker and L. Wallace and S. Walsh and G. Wang and H. Wang and Wang, {J. Z.} and Wang, {W. H.} and Wang, {Y. F.} and Ward, {R. L.} and Warden, {Z. A.} and J. Warner and M. Was and J. Watchi and B. Weaver and Wei, {L. W.} and M. Weinert and Weinstein, {A. J.} and R. Weiss and F. Wellmann and L. Wen and Wessel, {E. K.} and P. We{\ss}els and Westhouse, {J. W.} and K. Wette and Whelan, {J. T.} and White, {L. V.} and Whiting, {B. F.} and C. Whittle and Wilken, {D. M.} and D. Williams and Williamson, {A. R.} and Willis, {J. L.} and B. Willke and Wimmer, {M. H.} and W. Winkler and Wipf, {C. C.} and H. Wittel and G. Woan and J. Woehler and Wofford, {J. K.} and J. Worden and Wright, {J. L.} and Wu, {D. S.} and Wysocki, {D. M.} and L. Xiao and H. Yamamoto and Yancey, {C. C.} and L. Yang and Yap, {M. J.} and M. Yazback and Yeeles, {D. W.} and Hang Yu and Haocun Yu and Yuen, {S. H.R.} and M. Yvert and Zadro{\.z}ny, {A. K.} and M. Zanolin and F. Zappa and T. Zelenova and Zendri, {J. P.} and M. Zevin and J. Zhang and L. Zhang and T. Zhang and C. Zhao and M. Zhou and Z. Zhou and Zhu, {X. J.} and Zimmerman, {A. B.} and Y. Zlochower and Zucker, {M. E.} and J. Zweizig and {LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration}",
year = "2019",
month = sep,
day = "4",
doi = "10.1103/PhysRevX.9.031040",
language = "English",
volume = "9",
journal = "Physical Review X",
issn = "2160-3308",
publisher = "American Physical Society",
number = "3",
}