Heart-rate recovery after warm-up in swimming: A useful predictor of training heart-rate response?

Sander P.M. Ganzevles; Arnold de Haan; Peter J. Beek; Hein A.M. Daanen; Martin J. Truijens

doi:10.1123/ijspp.2016-0144

Heart-rate recovery after warm-up in swimming: A useful predictor of training heart-rate response?

Sander P.M. Ganzevles^*, Arnold de Haan, Peter J. Beek, Hein A.M. Daanen, Martin J. Truijens

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

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Abstract

For training to be optimal, daily training load has to be adapted to the momentary status of the individual athlete, which is often difficult to establish. Therefore, the current study investigated the predictive value of heart-rate recovery (HRR) during a standardized warm-up for training load. Training load was quantified by the variation in heart rate during standardized training in competitive swimmers. Eight female and 5 male Dutch national-level swimmers participated in the study. They all performed 3 sessions consisting of a 300-m warm-up test and a 10 × 100-m training protocol. Both protocols were swum in front crawl at individually standardized velocities derived from an incremental step test. Velocity was related to 75% and 85% heart-rate reserve (% HR_res) for the warm-up and training, respectively. Relative HRR during the first 60 s after the warm-up (HRR_w-up) and differences between the actual and intended heart rate for the warm-up and the training (ΔHRw-up and ΔHR_tr) were determined. No significant relationship between HRR_w-up and ΔHR_tr was found (F_1,37 = 2.96, P = .09, R² = .07, SEE = 4.65). There was considerable daily variation in ΔHR_tr at a given swimming velocity (73–93% HR_res). ΔHR_w-up and ΔHR_tr were clearly related (F_1,37 = 74.31, P < .001, R² = .67, SEE = 2.78). HRR after a standardized warm-up does not predict heart rate during a directly subsequent and standardized training session. Instead, heart rate during the warm-up protocol seems a promising alternative for coaches to make daily individual-specific adjustments to training programs.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	742-748
Number of pages	7
Journal	International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
Volume	12
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0144
Publication status	Published - Jul 2017

Funding

This research is supported by the Dutch Technology Foundation STW (grant #12887), which is part of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) and which is partly funded by the Ministry of Economic Affairs. The results of the current study do not constitute endorsement of the product by the authors or the journal. We would like to thank Saskia de Klerk, Laila Spruijt, Nathalie Bruins, Anne-Catharine van der Lande, Tess Glastra van Loon, and Anouk Kruiswijk for their aid in collecting data and the participating swimmers for their time and effort.

Funders	Funder number
Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Stichting voor de Technische Wetenschappen	12887
Ministry of Economic Affairs

Keywords

Optimization
Physical fitness
Submaximal testing
Warm-up exercise

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ijspp-p742_Heart-rate recovery after warm-up in swimmingFinal published version, 927 KBLicence: Article 25fa Dutch Copyright Act

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title = "Heart-rate recovery after warm-up in swimming: A useful predictor of training heart-rate response?",

abstract = "For training to be optimal, daily training load has to be adapted to the momentary status of the individual athlete, which is often difficult to establish. Therefore, the current study investigated the predictive value of heart-rate recovery (HRR) during a standardized warm-up for training load. Training load was quantified by the variation in heart rate during standardized training in competitive swimmers. Eight female and 5 male Dutch national-level swimmers participated in the study. They all performed 3 sessions consisting of a 300-m warm-up test and a 10 × 100-m training protocol. Both protocols were swum in front crawl at individually standardized velocities derived from an incremental step test. Velocity was related to 75% and 85% heart-rate reserve (% HRres) for the warm-up and training, respectively. Relative HRR during the first 60 s after the warm-up (HRRw-up) and differences between the actual and intended heart rate for the warm-up and the training (ΔHRw-up and ΔHRtr) were determined. No significant relationship between HRRw-up and ΔHRtr was found (F1,37 = 2.96, P = .09, R2 = .07, SEE = 4.65). There was considerable daily variation in ΔHRtr at a given swimming velocity (73–93% HRres). ΔHRw-up and ΔHRtr were clearly related (F1,37 = 74.31, P < .001, R2 = .67, SEE = 2.78). HRR after a standardized warm-up does not predict heart rate during a directly subsequent and standardized training session. Instead, heart rate during the warm-up protocol seems a promising alternative for coaches to make daily individual-specific adjustments to training programs.",

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AB - For training to be optimal, daily training load has to be adapted to the momentary status of the individual athlete, which is often difficult to establish. Therefore, the current study investigated the predictive value of heart-rate recovery (HRR) during a standardized warm-up for training load. Training load was quantified by the variation in heart rate during standardized training in competitive swimmers. Eight female and 5 male Dutch national-level swimmers participated in the study. They all performed 3 sessions consisting of a 300-m warm-up test and a 10 × 100-m training protocol. Both protocols were swum in front crawl at individually standardized velocities derived from an incremental step test. Velocity was related to 75% and 85% heart-rate reserve (% HRres) for the warm-up and training, respectively. Relative HRR during the first 60 s after the warm-up (HRRw-up) and differences between the actual and intended heart rate for the warm-up and the training (ΔHRw-up and ΔHRtr) were determined. No significant relationship between HRRw-up and ΔHRtr was found (F1,37 = 2.96, P = .09, R2 = .07, SEE = 4.65). There was considerable daily variation in ΔHRtr at a given swimming velocity (73–93% HRres). ΔHRw-up and ΔHRtr were clearly related (F1,37 = 74.31, P < .001, R2 = .67, SEE = 2.78). HRR after a standardized warm-up does not predict heart rate during a directly subsequent and standardized training session. Instead, heart rate during the warm-up protocol seems a promising alternative for coaches to make daily individual-specific adjustments to training programs.

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Heart-rate recovery after warm-up in swimming: A useful predictor of training heart-rate response?

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