Human neocortical expansion involves glutamatergic neuron diversification

Jim Berg, Staci A. Sorensen, Jonathan T. Ting, Jeremy A. Miller, Thomas Chartrand, Anatoly Buchin, Trygve E. Bakken, Agata Budzillo, Nick Dee, Song Lin Ding, Nathan W. Gouwens, Rebecca D. Hodge, Brian Kalmbach, Changkyu Lee, Brian R. Lee, Lauren Alfiler, Katherine Baker, Eliza Barkan, Allison Beller, Kyla BerryDarren Bertagnolli, Kris Bickley, Jasmine Bomben, Thomas Braun, Krissy Brouner, Tamara Casper, Peter Chong, Kirsten Crichton, Rachel Dalley, Rebecca de Frates, Tsega Desta, Samuel Dingman Lee, Florence D’Orazi, Nadezhda Dotson, Tom Egdorf, Rachel Enstrom, Colin Farrell, David Feng, Olivia Fong, Szabina Furdan, Anna A. Galakhova, Clare Gamlin, Amanda Gary, Alexandra Glandon, Jeff Goldy, Melissa Gorham, Natalia A. Goriounova, Sergey Gratiy, Lucas Graybuck, Hong Gu, Kristen Hadley, Nathan Hansen, Tim S. Heistek, Alex M. Henry, Djai B. Heyer, Di Jon Hill, Chris Hill, Madie Hupp, Tim Jarsky, Sara Kebede, Lisa Keene, Lisa Kim, Mean Hwan Kim, Matthew Kroll, Caitlin Latimer, Boaz P. Levi, Katherine E. Link, Matthew Mallory, Rusty Mann, Desiree Marshall, Michelle Maxwell, Medea McGraw, Delissa McMillen, Erica Melief, Eline J. Mertens, Leona Mezei, Norbert Mihut, Stephanie Mok, Gabor Molnar, Alice Mukora, Lindsay Ng, Kiet Ngo, Philip R. Nicovich, Julie Nyhus, Gaspar Olah, Aaron Oldre, Victoria Omstead, Attila Ozsvar, Daniel Park, Hanchuan Peng, Trangthanh Pham, Christina A. Pom, Lydia Potekhina, Ramkumar Rajanbabu, Shea Ransford, David Reid, Christine Rimorin, Augustin Ruiz, David Sandman, Josef Sulc, Susan M. Sunkin, Aaron Szafer, Viktor Szemenyei, Elliot R. Thomsen, Michael Tieu, Amy Torkelson, Jessica Trinh, Herman Tung, Wayne Wakeman, Femke Waleboer, Katelyn Ward, René Wilbers, Grace Williams, Zizhen Yao, Jae Geun Yoon, Costas Anastassiou, Anton Arkhipov, Pal Barzo, Amy Bernard, Charles Cobbs, Philip C. de Witt Hamer, Richard G. Ellenbogen, Luke Esposito, Manuel Ferreira, Ryder P. Gwinn, Michael J. Hawrylycz, Patrick R. Hof, Sander Idema, Allan R. Jones, C. Dirk Keene, Andrew L. Ko, Gabe J. Murphy, Lydia Ng, Jeffrey G. Ojemann, Anoop P. Patel, John W. Phillips, Daniel L. Silbergeld, Kimberly Smith, Bosiljka Tasic, Rafael Yuste, Idan Segev, Christiaan P.J. de Kock, Huibert D. Mansvelder, Gabor Tamas, Hongkui Zeng, Christof Koch, Ed S. Lein*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to JournalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

The neocortex is disproportionately expanded in human compared with mouse1,2, both in its total volume relative to subcortical structures and in the proportion occupied by supragranular layers composed of neurons that selectively make connections within the neocortex and with other telencephalic structures. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses of human and mouse neocortex show an increased diversity of glutamatergic neuron types in supragranular layers in human neocortex and pronounced gradients as a function of cortical depth3. Here, to probe the functional and anatomical correlates of this transcriptomic diversity, we developed a robust platform combining patch clamp recording, biocytin staining and single-cell RNA-sequencing (Patch-seq) to examine neurosurgically resected human tissues. We demonstrate a strong correspondence between morphological, physiological and transcriptomic phenotypes of five human glutamatergic supragranular neuron types. These were enriched in but not restricted to layers, with one type varying continuously in all phenotypes across layers 2 and 3. The deep portion of layer 3 contained highly distinctive cell types, two of which express a neurofilament protein that labels long-range projection neurons in primates that are selectively depleted in Alzheimer’s disease4,5. Together, these results demonstrate the explanatory power of transcriptomic cell-type classification, provide a structural underpinning for increased complexity of cortical function in humans, and implicate discrete transcriptomic neuron types as selectively vulnerable in disease.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)151-158
Number of pages8
JournalNature
Volume598
Issue number7879
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 7 Oct 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the National Research, Development and Innovation Office of Hungary GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00018, the Ministry of Human Capacities of Hungary 20391-3/2018/FEKUSTRAT to G.T. Neuropathology support was provided in part by the Nancy and Buster Alvord Endowment to C.D.K. Work was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation under the specific grant agreement no. 945539 (Human Brain Project SGA3), ERANET programme iPS&BRAIN, and NWO Gravitation program BRAINSCAPES: A Roadmap from Neurogenetics to Neurobiology (NWO: 024.004.012). This work was funded by the Allen Institute for Brain Science. We dedicate this paper to the vision, encouragement, and long-term support of our founder, Paul G. Allen.

Funding Information:
Acknowledgements We thank A. Wanner for providing reconstruction services through A. Szeto and R. Szeto, and Z. Popovic for facilitating the reconstruction work contributed by Mozak.science. We also thank the Mozak citizen scientists for their valuable contribution. The research was partially supported by several grant awards from institutes under the National Institutes of Health (NIH), including award U01MH114812 from National Institute of Mental Health, R01EY023173 from The National Eye Institute, U01MH105982 from the National Institute of Mental Health and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, and R011EY023173 from The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of NIH and its subsidiary institutes. Work was supported by the

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s).

Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

Funding

Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the National Research, Development and Innovation Office of Hungary GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00018, the Ministry of Human Capacities of Hungary 20391-3/2018/FEKUSTRAT to G.T. Neuropathology support was provided in part by the Nancy and Buster Alvord Endowment to C.D.K. Work was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation under the specific grant agreement no. 945539 (Human Brain Project SGA3), ERANET programme iPS&BRAIN, and NWO Gravitation program BRAINSCAPES: A Roadmap from Neurogenetics to Neurobiology (NWO: 024.004.012). This work was funded by the Allen Institute for Brain Science. We dedicate this paper to the vision, encouragement, and long-term support of our founder, Paul G. Allen. Acknowledgements We thank A. Wanner for providing reconstruction services through A. Szeto and R. Szeto, and Z. Popovic for facilitating the reconstruction work contributed by Mozak.science. We also thank the Mozak citizen scientists for their valuable contribution. The research was partially supported by several grant awards from institutes under the National Institutes of Health (NIH), including award U01MH114812 from National Institute of Mental Health, R01EY023173 from The National Eye Institute, U01MH105982 from the National Institute of Mental Health and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, and R011EY023173 from The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of NIH and its subsidiary institutes. Work was supported by the

FundersFunder number
Allen Institute for Brain Science
European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation945539
National Institute of Mental Health and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human DevelopmentR011EY023173
National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Mental HealthU01MH114812, U01MH105982, R01EY023173
National Eye Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Nancy and Buster Alvord Endowment
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek024.004.012
Magyar Tudományos Akadémia
Emberi Eroforrások Minisztériuma20391-3/2018/FEKUSTRAT
Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs HivatalGINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00018

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