TY - JOUR
T1 - Human population intake fractions and environmental fate factors of toxic pollutants in life cycle impact assessment
AU - Huijbregts, M.A.J.
AU - Struijs, Jaap
AU - Goedkoop, Mark
AU - Heijungs, Reinout
AU - Jan Hendriks, A.
AU - Van De Meent, Dik
PY - 2005/12
Y1 - 2005/12
N2 - The present paper outlines an update of the fate and exposure part of the fate, exposure and effects model USES-LCA. The new fate and exposure module of USES-LCA was applied to calculate human population intake fractions and fate factors of the freshwater, marine and terrestrial environment for 3393 substances, including neutral organics, dissociating organics and inorganics, emitted to 7 different emission compartments. The human population intake fraction is on average 10-5-10-8 for organics and 10 -3-10-4 for inorganics, depending on the emission compartment considered. Chemical-specific human population intake fractions can be 1-2.7 orders of magnitude higher or lower compared to the typical estimates. For inorganics, the human population intake fractions highly depend on the assumption that exposure via food products can be modelled with constant bioconcentration factors. The environmental fate factor is on average 10 -11-10-18 days m-3 for organics and 10 -10-10-12 days m-3 for inorganics, depending on the receiving environment and the emission compartment considered. Chemical-specific environmental fate factors can be 1-8 orders of magnitude higher or lower compared to the typical estimates. The largest differences between the new and old version of USES-LCA are found for emissions to air and soil. This is caused by a significant change in the structure of the air and soil compartments in the new version of USES-LCA, i.e. the distinction between rural and urban air, including rain-no rain conditions and including soil depth dependent intermedia transport.
AB - The present paper outlines an update of the fate and exposure part of the fate, exposure and effects model USES-LCA. The new fate and exposure module of USES-LCA was applied to calculate human population intake fractions and fate factors of the freshwater, marine and terrestrial environment for 3393 substances, including neutral organics, dissociating organics and inorganics, emitted to 7 different emission compartments. The human population intake fraction is on average 10-5-10-8 for organics and 10 -3-10-4 for inorganics, depending on the emission compartment considered. Chemical-specific human population intake fractions can be 1-2.7 orders of magnitude higher or lower compared to the typical estimates. For inorganics, the human population intake fractions highly depend on the assumption that exposure via food products can be modelled with constant bioconcentration factors. The environmental fate factor is on average 10 -11-10-18 days m-3 for organics and 10 -10-10-12 days m-3 for inorganics, depending on the receiving environment and the emission compartment considered. Chemical-specific environmental fate factors can be 1-8 orders of magnitude higher or lower compared to the typical estimates. The largest differences between the new and old version of USES-LCA are found for emissions to air and soil. This is caused by a significant change in the structure of the air and soil compartments in the new version of USES-LCA, i.e. the distinction between rural and urban air, including rain-no rain conditions and including soil depth dependent intermedia transport.
KW - Environmental fate factor
KW - Human population intake fraction
KW - Life Cycle Impact Assessment
KW - Toxic pollutants
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U2 - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.04.046
DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.04.046
M3 - Article
C2 - 15964049
AN - SCOPUS:27944454345
SN - 0045-6535
VL - 61
SP - 1495
EP - 1504
JO - Chemosphere
JF - Chemosphere
IS - 10
ER -
