Hydrogeochemical transport modeling of 24 years of Rhine water infiltration in the dunes of the Amsterdam Water Supply.

Water quality changes were modelled along a flowpath in a plume of artificially recharged, pretreated Rhine water in the dunes of the Amsterdam Water Supply, after 24 years of infiltration. The hydrogeochemical transport model PHREEQC was extended with dispersion/diffusion and kinetics for selected chemical reactions. In the model the following reactions were included: cation-exchange, calcite dissolution and precipitation, and kinetic oxygen consumption and denitrification by oxidation of organic matter. Monthly-averaged values were used for the infiltration water quality. Traveltimes from infiltration area to sampling points were determined with chloride and tritium, and used to place the 3D field-observations in the 1D column-model. Values for CEC were variable for seven layers in the model. Infiltration of pretreated Rhine water in the dune aquifer can be considered an intrusion of more saline water. It caused desorption of Ca